Slide 1: Types of Research
Problem Statements : Problem Statements Will students taught using problem solving methods comprehend the information at a higher level than students taught using lecture methods?
Do students who were exposed to a North Indian culture make a higher salary than students who were not exposed to a North Indian culture?
Problem Statements : Problem Statements Will college students accept a computer-aided information system as a means of obtaining information from the University Extension service?
Do the Private B.Ed College Owners in Kerala anticipate an increase in enrolment of Bed students ?
Problem : Problem How do you classify research?
Why do we need to classify research? : Why do we need to classify research? So that we can follow procedures appropriate to that type of research.
To help us in interpreting the findings/results.
To help us identify problems associated with that type of research.
What do you need to know in order to be able to classify research? : What do you need to know in order to be able to classify research? Purposes (ends sought) of research
Types of research
Purposes of Research : Purposes of Research Describe
To describe groups and/or situations in terms of characteristics (variables)
Explain/Predict
To investigate relationships in terms of independent variables
Determine cause/effect
To control independent variables in order to determine their effect on dependent variables
Types of Research : Types of Research Descriptive
Survey
Correlational
Ex Post Facto
(Book calls causal-comparative)
Experimental
“true” or “quasi”
Classification of Research : Classification of Research Purpose
1. Describe
2. Explain/Predict
3. Cause/Effect Type
1. Descriptive-Survey
2. Descriptive- correlational; Ex Post Facto
3. Experimental
Classification of Research : Classification of Research Purpose
1. Describe
2. Explain/Predict
3. Cause/Effect Goals
1. Specific objectives or questions
2. and 3. Research hypotheses (if rationale exists)
Classification of Research : Classification of Research Purpose
1. Describe
2. Explain/Predict
3. Cause/Effect Ind. Variables
1. None
2. Not manipulated
3. Manipulated
Classification of Research : Classification of Research Purpose
1. Describe
2. Explain/Predict
3. Cause/Effect Interpretation
1. Describe units
2. relationships between variables
3. Cause-effect statements (control)
Descriptive Research : Descriptive Research Survey
Correlational
Others
developmental
longitudinal
cross-sectional
documentary
trend
Descriptive Research : Descriptive Research Advantages
can collect much data
“real-world” situations
necessary first step before using other types Disadvantages
not enough depth
findings frequently lack generalizability
Ex Post Facto Research : Ex Post Facto Research Ex Post Facto means “after the fact”-- studying the influence of independent variables after variation has occurred
No control of variables
Common with educational/social science research
Conditions Necessary for Inferring Cause : Conditions Necessary for Inferring Cause In order to say that x caused y, you must have evidence that:
x and y are statistically related
x preceded y in time
other factors did not cause x
Experimental Studies : Experimental Studies Control of independent variable by researcher
True experiments
random assignment to groups
random assignment of treatment(s) to groups
Quasi-experiments
lack of total control
Application -Example : Application -Example
Application-Example : Application-Example
Application-Example : Application-Example
Application-Example : Application-Example
Application-Example : Application-Example
Application-Example : Application-Example