Must have ...: Must have ... The past construction of MUST
Form
When to Use this grammar
Form:How to make this grammar: Form: How to make this grammar Must
OR
Must NOT
Meaning / Use:: Meaning / Use: Must have = similar to the use of may/might have
Must have shows more certainty than may/might have
Use must have + past participle to show a strong probability
Comparison: may/might have versus must have: Comparison: may/might have versus must have John wasn’t in class today. I wonder why . . . May/might have . . .
He might have been sick.
OR
He may not have felt well. Must have . . .
He must have been sick.
OR
He must not have felt well.
Jan looks really tired today. It’s strange to see her this way because she is usually full of energy.: Jan looks really tired today. It’s strange to see her this way because she is usually full of energy.
She must not have gotten very much sleep last night.
Did you see how well Marco played during the soccer game? I was really surprised that he scored 4 goals because he usually doesn’t play that well.: Did you see how well Marco played during the soccer game? I was really surprised that he scored 4 goals because he usually doesn’t play that well.
He must have practiced a lot before the game.
OR
He must have been practicing a lot recently.
(progressive form)
Have you seen Luis recently? He used to be out of shape but he’s in great shape now.: Have you seen Luis recently? He used to be out of shape but he’s in great shape now.
He must have gone to the gym a lot lately.
OR
He must have been lifting weights or exercising.
(progressive form)
Pronunciation Tips:: Pronunciation Tips:
When you hear native speakers say must have, it often sounds like they are saying:
'must-uv' OR 'must-a'
Slide9: Toan isn’t here right now. She must have left already.
Lisa said she called me last night. I must have been in the shower when she called.
Laura studied so hard for her test. Plus, she’s so smart. She must have passed it.
Carlos didn’t drive his car to work today. He must have ridden his bicycle.
The kids must have felt nervous when they started school in a new country.
Must have ...: Must have ... Practice throughout the week; review past participles if you need to
-Do the past participle challenge on Quia
Ask your teacher if you need additional explanation
Work with another classmate if it helps you to understand the grammar better.