Slide 1: India: Sub National HDRs
by
R. Sridharan
Oxford, 18 September 2008
Slide 2: India: A Few Facts 7th largest country by area and 2nd by population.
12th largest economy at market exchange rate and 4th largest by PPP
Annual average real GDP growth of 8.75% during 2003-07
28 States and 7 Union Territories
11th Five Year Plan(2007-2012) : 11th Five Year Plan(2007-2012) Main objective - Inclusive Growth
Recognition that several areas, and several sections left out
Strategy
Focus on basic services – education, skill development, health, water supply and sanitation, urban development
Greatly increased Federal funding for these sectors
Renewed emphasis on agriculture
Policy support for PPP in infrastructure
Resource Allocation in 11th Plan : Resource Allocation in 11th Plan
Reduction of Regional Disparities in 11th Plan : Reduction of Regional Disparities in 11th Plan Participatory planning and democratic decentralisation
Article 243ZD of Indian Constitution – District Planning Committees – Consolidation of plans prepared by local bodies
Guidelines on district plans issued from Planning Commission
The Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) – for 250 most backward districts – capacity building for district planning
Monitorable Targets in 11th Plan : Monitorable Targets in 11th Plan Monitorable Targets
Key feature in the strategy of inclusive growth
Reflect multi-dimensional socio-economic objectives of inclusive growth
27 National Targets in 6 major categories
Income & Poverty,
Education,
Health,
Women & Children,
Infrastructure,
Environment
13 State specific targets
GDP and Agriculture growth,
Work Opportunities and Poverty Ratio
Drop Out Rate, Literacy and Gender Gap in Literacy
IMR, MMR and TFR
Child Malnutrition, Anemia in Women and Girls
Child Sex Ratio
Implementation of 11th Plan : Implementation of 11th Plan Empowering local service providers – enforce accountability
Rule of law – Safety and access to justice for the poor
Business friendly environment
Transparency – Civil Society as a watchdog
Tackling corruption
Empowerment of PRIs
Involvement of communities in design and implementation of programmes
Monitoring and Evaluation of Outcomes
National Human Development Reports : National Human Development Reports 1st NHDR:
Published in 2001
Main features:
Extensive database for 3 points of time since 1980
70 distinct social indicators on various aspects of quality of life and well-being
Results shown in development radars
HDI, HPI and Gender equality index constructed
Main findings
Significant overall improvement in HD in previous 2 decades (1970-1990) but wide disparities across States persists
Slow improvement in gender equality
Considerable decline in human poverty but inter-State differences persists
Effective and efficient governance is critical for improving HD.
2nd NHDR :
A Committee constituted in Planning Commission for preparation of the Report
Work in Progress
State HDRs : State HDRs Global launch of HDR 1993 in New Delhi acted as trigger
First step towards State level HDR:
Madhya Pradesh Govt. released HDR 1995 (Two more published)
Govt of Karnataka released in 1999 (One more Published)
State HDRs : India has the largest programme for preparation of HDRs at sub national level
21 States have published State HDRs getting financial and technical support under GoI-UNDP Project or using their own resources
Others in the process of preparation
Contribution of SHDRs:
Documenting and highlighting HD achievements and disparities among sub-State administrative units (districts)
HDI computed for districts State HDRs
The SSPHD Project : The SSPHD Project Project Initiated : 1 June 2004
Project Duration :
Till 31.12.07 but extended up to 31.12.09
Initial Project Size : US$ 5.0 million
Revised Project Size – US$ 11.96 million
Executing Agency : Planning Commission
Implementing Agency : State Governments & National Resource Institutions
Focus on Analysis, Advocacy and Action
Project Components : Project Components Mainstreaming HD in the State Planning Process
Improving Statistical System to fill data gaps
Formulating sustainable financing strategy for HD
Special focus on gender in HD Planning
District Human Development Reports : District Human Development Reports DHDRs:
assess and quantify development imbalance at the sub-district level
analyze intra-district development imbalance and suggest possible solutions
DHDR has 3 distinct and important features
The process of preparation
The content of the report
The dissemination strategy of HD issues at district level
Important to focus also on
Institutionalisation
sustainability
DHDR Preparation Process : DHDR Preparation Process State Govts. initiate the process by identifying the districts
Selection is based on its HDI values as reflected in the SHDR or backwardness, or within district diversity, or demographic profile.
Participatory process is followed
Agency identified to anchor the technical work
Core committee (chaired by collector/CEO) to guide and monitor the process of preparation
State level Planning Dept/Board, NGOs, Universities, research institutions, participate in this venture
Full ownership by District Administration
DHDR Preparation Process : Data Collection and Report Preparation Methodology finalized through consultation with stake holders
Need felt for core set of common indicators, data sources
Draft reports are presented and reviewed by District core committees through an intensive, interactive process DHDR Preparation Process
DHDR Contents : DHDR Contents Regional Profile of the District
Analyses status on:
Health
Education
Livelihoods
Women’s situation and gender issues
Natural resource base (land, water and air)
Other district specific HD issues
The way ahead
DHDR & Participatory District Planning : DHDR & Participatory District Planning DHDRs & Participatory Planning:
Strong inherent participatory processes
Baseline surveys for preparation of District Plans.
Excellent tools for situation analysis
Facilitate the visioning exercise for effective district planning.
DHDRs – Issues and Challenges : DHDRs – Issues and Challenges Ensuring the DHDR process is really participatory
Identification of right support agency and efficient co-ordination with all line departments
Adoption of uniform methodology for easy comparability within and out-side the district
Data availability, validation, and reliability mapping
Recommending policy options based on stakeholder consensus on key HD issues
Credibility – based on neutrality and objectivity