Slide 1: Ancient Egypt
Slide 2: Time Line 3000 2500 B.C. A.D. 2000 1500 1000 500 500 3500 2625 B.C.
Old Kingdom
Begins 1539 B.C.
New Kingdom
Begins 730 B.C.
Nubian Dynasty
Rules Egypt 270 B.C.
Meroitic Period
In Kush
Slide 5: Many of today's sports were practiced by the Ancient Egyptians, who set the rules and regulations for them : Ancient Egypt Sports: Hockey Handball Gymnastics (floor exercises) High Jump Boxing Gymnastics
(consecutive vault)
Slide 12: cataracts A series of rapids and
waterfalls.
Slide 13: The Nile Valley During the Old Stone Age, the
Paleolithic period, the area we know
today as the Sahara Desert was
a savanna. The people living
there were hunters and gatherers. Around 5000 B.C., the climate began
to change and the Sahara began to
dry. Animals left and plants died.
Slide 17: The cliffs are made of
limestone and sandstone. Farther south, in the area once known
as Nubia, the cliffs are made of granite. The river hasn’t been able to cut a clear
path through the hard granite and runs
through cataracts, a series of rapids
and waterfalls.
Slide 18: Upper and Lower Egypt Both had rich soil. The land was perfect for growing crops. People were able to settle around the
river and farm instead of hunting and
gathering. Sound Familiar ?
Slide 19: Black Land Each year heavy rains in central
Africa caused the river to overflow
its banks. When the floodwaters
drained away, a rich silt remained. The silt was a natural fertilizer. The dark soil was called “Kemet”
meaning “black land.”
Slide 20: Black Land The Ancient Egyptians believed
their god Hapi caused the yearly
flooding. The yearly flooding continued until the
Aswan Dam was built in 1972.
Now the people use pumps,
canals, and chemical fertilizer
to keep the land suitable for farming.
Slide 21: Red Land The dry, barren lands of the Sahara
were known as “Deshuret,” or the
Red Land.
Slide 23: Farming in the Valley Wealthy landowners controlled almost
all of the farmland. Farmers rented and the owners
took part of the crop as payment. Typical crops included wheat, barley,
onions, lettuce, and beans.
Slide 24: Farmers also raised cattle, goats, sheep,
for food.
Meat
Milk products – including cheese
Beef – mainly for the wealthy
Most could only afford beef for
special days, so they caught fish or
used nets to catch geese or ducks.
Slide 25: Plants and animals were important for
more than just food. Fibers of flax plant – used to spin
linen thread
Sheep’s wool – woven into cloth
Leather – continers, sacks, shoes
Other plants – sandals, boxes,
tabletops
Slide 29: afterlife nome Life after death Towns that were capitals
of city-states.
Slide 33: Source of Innovation Common problems helped unite the
Ancient Egyptians.
They were able to predict when
the yearly floods (inundation) would
come.
To keep track of this event they
created a 365 day calendar based
on the sun.
Slide 34: Source of Religion The Ancient Egyptians believed in many
gods and used stories about them
to explain events in nature. They believed the sun was a god
that was born each day and died
each night. They believed religion was important to
their survival in the Nile River Valley.
Slide 35: Egyptian gods Thoth Hathor Orisis Hapi Amon-Re god of wisdom goddess of love ruled over the dead god of the river the sun god (most important)
Slide 36: Afterlife The Egyptians prayed to their gods
and believed in life after death. A book of prayers called The Book
of the Dead was placed in their tombs
To be used as a guide in the afterlife.
Slide 37: Unified Egypt About 5000 B.C. small farming villages
grew up along the Nile.
As populations grew, villages became
towns.
Some towns became capitals of city-
states called nomes. Leaders of nomes
competed for wealth and power.
Slide 38: By around 3,500 B.C. the city-states
joined together forming two large
kingdoms. The kingdoms were known as the “Two
Lands.” (Upper Egypt & Lower Egypt) Around 3000 B.C. the Upper Egyptian
Kings had gained control of Lower
Egypt. Uniting Egypt marked the
Beginning of the world’s first nation-state,
which lasted for 3,000 years.
Slide 39: Who Really United the
Two Kingdoms? No one really knows. Legend says
King Menes did. Some experts think
King Narmer did because in artwork
he is shown wearing a double crown
that combines the white crown
of Upper Egypt and the red
crown of Lower Egypt.
Slide 41: Early Egyptian Rule 3000 Years Over 33 Dynasties
Slide 42: Vocabulary - Lesson 3 dynasty pharaoh vizier decrees A series of rulers
from the same family. king Important government
official, advisor commands
Slide 43: Vocabulary - Lesson 3 hieroglyphics papyrus pyramid mummy Ancient system
Of writing using over
700 symbols Paper made from reeds that
grew along the Nile. A burial place for the dead A preserved body
Slide 44: Egypt's Early Period Egyptians called their kings “pharaoh.”
The word pharaoh means “great house”
and referred to the ruler’s palace.
Pharaoh had total authority and was
believed to be the son of Re, the sun
god.
Pharaoh was believed to be a link
between man and the gods.
Slide 45: Why did the Egyptian civilization last so long? The pharaoh was obeyed without
question.
The structure of the government
didn’t change.
Viziers carried out the pharaoh’s
decrees and took care of running
the government.
There were many officials to help
govern Egypt.
Slide 46: Officials collected taxes, planned
building projects, and enforced
laws.
Slide 47: How do we know about the early kings? Egyptians left written records.
They developed hieroglyphics, a
system of writing. more than 700 symbols
most stood for sounds
some stood for whole
words or ideas
Slide 48: Scribes studied for years to learn
hieroglyphics.
They also learned math.
A scribe’s job often involved tax
collecting and record keeping.
They wrote on stone and on papyrus.
Books were scrolls – rolls of papyrus
joined end-to-end. Some were over
100 feet long.
Scribes recorded Egyptian history.
Slide 49: Three Main Divisions of Egyptian History The Old Kingdom The Middle Kingdom The New Kingdom 2625 to 2130 B.C. 1980 to 1630 B.C. 1539 to 1075 B.C. Great achievements in building Changes in government, trade expanded,
changes in society First full time army, empire expanded Intermediate period Intermediate period
Slide 50: The Old Kingdom Dynasties 4- 8 ruled
Pharaohs began to look outside of
Egypt for resources
Colony started in Nubia
Traders sent south in Africa to find
incense oils, ebony, ivory, & other
items
Trade in Asia – cedar wood & silver
Slide 51: Old Kingdom - Age of Pyramids Largest stone buildings in the world
Built as a burial place for the dead
Pyramids built for rulers and other
important people
Egyptians believed they would need
their bodies in the afterlife.
Slide 52: Are You My Mummy? Preserving a body took about 70 days
All internal organs removed except the
heart
Organs placed in canopic jars
Heart – believed to be the home of the
soul
Body covered with natron –a kind of
salt
Natron absorbed the water in the body
Slide 53: Body was rubbed with special oils &
wrapped in linen cloth
Everything that a person might need
was placed in the tomb with the body.
Slide 54: Where Did My Mummy Go ? The Egyptians believed the soul
appeared before the god Osiris and
a group of judges.
The dead person’s heart was
placed on one side of a
scale and a feather (the
feather of truth) was placed
on the other side.
Slide 55: A balanced scale meant the soul would
live forever.
An unbalanced scale meant the soul
was heavy with sin.
Egyptians believed the sinful soul
would be eaten by an animal that
was part crocodile, lion, and
hippopotamus.
Slide 56: The Pyramids Imhotep, architect for King Zoser, built
the first stone tomb – a step pyramid. Egyptians believed that pharaoh went to
Live with Amon-Re, their most powerful
God. The step pyramid may have been
Imhotep’s way to help the king “climb the
stairway to heaven.”
Slide 57: The best known pyramids were built at
Giza beginning in about 2600 B.C. The largest pyramid was built for
Pharaoh Khufu. The citizens of Egypt had to pay a
labor tax by working for the government.
As many as 10,000 farmers worked on
the pyramids during inundation.
Slide 58: Workers cut and moved more than 2
million stone blocks.
Each block weighed about 5,000 pounds.
The blocks were probably moved on
sleds.
The Great Pyramid of Khufu is about
480 feet high and covers 13 acres.
Slide 59: Egyptian Way of Life Clothing –
Women – long sleeveless dresses
made of linen
Men – knee-length linen skirts with
or without short-sleeved shirts
Men & Women wore jewelry and makeup
Wealthy often wore fancy wigs
Slide 60: Houses – made of mud brick & had a
shrine for worship of household gods Farmers worked for the government
during inundation. Men – artists, carpenters, builders,
stonecutters – worked 10 days,
off 1 day They listened to music, sang, & danced
at religious festivals & parties.
Slide 62: Children were seen as gifts from the gods. They played games such as leap frog,
tug-of-war, and wrestling. Education –
Girls learned weaving & household skills from their mothers.
Boys learned their father’s trade.
Upper class children learned math,
literature, and writing.