Chapter 12 : Global Strategic Planning Chapter 12
Global Marketing : Global Marketing “…the world is becoming more homogenous…”
“...distinctions between national markets are fading and may disappear…”
Global Marketing Evolution : Global Marketing Evolution Core Business Strategy Country
A Country
B Country
C Country
D Develop CoreBusiness Strategy Internationalizethe Strategy Globalizethe Strategy Source: Reprinted from “Global Strategy… In a World of Nations?” by George S. Yip, Sloan Management Review 31 (Fall 1989): 30, by permission of the publisher. Copyright 1989 by Sloan Management Review Association. All rights reserved.
Globalization Drivers : Globalization Drivers Market Factors
new consumer groups, developed infrastructures, globalization of distribution channels, cross-border retail alliances
Cost Factors
avoiding cost inefficiencies and duplicated efforts
Environmental Factors
reduced governmental barriers, rapid technological evolution
Competitive Factors
rapid product innovation, introduction, distribution
The Strategic Planning Process : The Strategic Planning Process Understanding and adjusting the core strategy begins with a clear definition of the business for which the strategy is to be developed.
The Strategic Business Unit
Based on product market similarities
Similar needs or wants to be met
Similar end user customers to be targeted
Similar products or services used to meet needs of specific customers
The Strategic Planning Process : The Strategic Planning Process Assessment and Adjustment of Core Strategy
Market/Competitive Analysis - Internal Analysis Formulation of Global Strategy
Choice of Target Countries, Segments, and Competitive Strategy Development of Global Marketing Program Implementation
Organizational Structure - Control Global Strategy Formulation
Market and Competitive Analysis : Market and Competitive Analysis First, understand the structure of the global market industry; the common features of customer requirements and choice factors.
Internal analysis
Examine the readiness and capability of the firm to undertake strategic moves with its current resources.
Formulating Global Marketing Strategy : Formulating Global Marketing Strategy Formulation begins with a series of strategic decisions
Choice of Competitive Strategy
Cost leadership
Differentiation
Focus
Country-Market Choice
Concentration or diversification
Factors in country markets selection
The stand-alone attractiveness of the market
Global strategic importance of the market
Possible synergies offered by the market
Competitive Strategies : Competitive Strategies CostLeadership BroadDifferentiation Source of Competitive Advantage Low Cost Differentiation Industry-wide Single Segment Competitive
Scope Focus SOURCE: Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (New York: Free Press, 1998), chapter 1.
Bases for Global Market Segmentation : Bases for Global Market Segmentation Environmental
Variables Marketing
Management
Variables Geographic
Variables Political
Variables Economic
Variables Cultural
Variables Promotion
Variables Product
Variables Price
Variables Distribution
Variables Bases for InternationalMarket Segmentation
Global Marketing Program Development : Global Marketing Program Development Development Decisions
Product offering
The degree of standardization and adaptation in the product offering.
The marketing approach
The marketing program beyond the product variable.
The location and extent of value-adding activities
Pooling production.
Exploiting factor costs or capabilities.
Strategic alliances.
Concurrent engineering.
Competitive moves to be made
Cross-subsidization using resources accumulated in one market to wage a competitive battle in another.
Implementing Global Marketing : Implementing Global Marketing Success will come from a balance between local and regional / global concerns.
“Think globally, act locally” is the operative phrase for global marketers competing in country markets.
Product choices should consider individual markets as well as transfer products from one region to another.
Global Marketing Pitfalls to Avoid : Global Marketing Pitfalls to Avoid Insufficient local market research.
The tendency to over standardize the product.
Inflexibility in planning and implementation.
The “Not-Invented-Here” syndrome (NIH).
How to avoid the NIH syndrome
Ensure that local managers participate in the development of global brand marketing strategies.
Encourage local managers to develop ideas for regional or global use.
Localizing Global Marketing : Localizing Global Marketing Achieving a balance between in-country managers and global product managers at corporate headquarters will require action to develop and implement a global strategy.
Localizing Global Marketing : Localizing Global Marketing Management processes
Enhance the global transfer of communications.
Interchange personnel to gain experience abroad.
Headquarters should coordinate and leverage resources.
Permit local managers to develop their own programs within defined parameters Maintain a product portfolio that includes local as well as regional or global brands.
Allow local managers control over marketing budgets to respond to local customer needs and counter global competition.
Localizing Global Marketing : Localizing Global Marketing Organization structures
The shift to global account management.
Corporate culture
The world is not one single market.
Plan and execute programs on a worldwide basis.
A global Identity favors no specific country.