Personality Disorders : Personality Disorders
What is Personality?: What is Personality? An enduring pattern
Thinking
Ways of looking at
Self
Others
World
Feeling
Relating
Behaving
Seen across many situations
Onset beginning at adolescence
Maladaptive and inflexible
Patterns and Themes: Patterns and Themes Each disordered personality is patterned around a kind of theme
The theme often tells about the motive behind the patterns found in the person’s
Thinking
Feeling
Behaving
Relating
The theme also gives some hints at difficulties the person has experienced that contribute to the development of the disorder
Paranoid Personality Disorder: Watching for injustice: Paranoid Personality Disorder: Watching for injustice A pervasive and unwarranted belief that others intend to harm
Expecting to be exploited
Distrust and suspiciousness of even family and friends
Interpreting others motives as malevolent
Reading malicious intent into even innocuous comments
Taking remarks out of context and interpreting them to support own frame of reference
Extreme jealousy
Hypersensitivity to criticism
Controlling; quick to anger
Possible family history: active rejection; actual persecution
Schizoid Personality Disorder:Detached loner: Schizoid Personality Disorder: Detached loner Pervasive indifference toward others
Restricted range of emotional expression
Unaffected by praise or criticism
Few friends or confidants
Maintains superficial connections with relatives; even these are aloof and cool
No sense of humor
Lacks social skills
No overtly bizarre behavior, thinking, etc
Possible family history: cold; limited affection; rewarded for being alone and independent
Schizotypal Personality Disorder:Peculiarity/eccentricity: Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Peculiarity/eccentricity Acutely uncomfortable around others; esp. those who are unfamiliar
Deficient in social relationships
Reduced capacity for closeness
Peculiar in thought, action, appearance
Bizarre fantasies and preoccupations
Unkempt, mismatched, prefer to dress in strange clothing
Digressive or vague in speech
Use words differently than others: neologisms
Talk to themselves openly
Possible family history: schizophrenic or very eccentric caregiver
Avoidant Personality Disorder:Involvement is risky: Avoidant Personality Disorder: Involvement is risky Widespread and longstanding discomfort
Shy, distant; exaggerates risk that people pose
Hypersensitivity to evaluation
Feelings of inadequacy
Avoid social activities that involve contact with others
Stays in corners at parties tongue-tied
Always expecting to say something foolish
Highly anxious around others
Anxious about looking anxious
No close friends or confidants; easily slides into dependence after taking a risk on others
Possible family history: engulfing or avoidant family
Dependent Personality Disorder:Excessive need to be taken care of; limited sense of self: Dependent Personality Disorder: Excessive need to be taken care of; limited sense of self Widespread and longstanding dependency on and submissiveness to others
Even routine daily decisions require advice and reassurance
Complete passivity; letting others decide
Difficulty initiating projects
Discomfort, fear, and helplessness about being alone; goes to great lengths to avoid being isolated or alone
Highly sensitive to disapproval
Willingness to go along with others even it conflicts with their own wishes or values
Does almost anything to help others, seeks reassurance they are liked
Paralyzed by the thought of independent thought or action
Drives people away with neediness
Possible family history: engulfing, abusive, controlling family; not allowed to make independent decisions; rewarded for inaction; told what to do
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: All about order and structure: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: All about order and structure Perfectionistic and inflexible
Focus on detail; order; structure; lists
Devoted to work; hard-working
Performance never good enough; hard to finish when attending to every detail
Stubbornly demanding that others do things their way; very controlling
Overly conscientious and concerned with moral and ethical issues
Scrupulous to the point of rigidity
Judges others and self very harshly; demands perfection
Not emotionally expressive; distrusts and disapproves of emotion in others
Stiff, stilted, 'formal' interactions
Possible family history: over attached family who emphasized achievement; oriented to perfection; keenly aware of others; limited sense of self
Antisocial Personality Disorder:Disregard for other’s rights: Antisocial Personality Disorder: Disregard for other’s rights Longstanding irresponsible behavior
Lying, stealing, vandalizing, bullying as a child
Initiating fights, running away from home, physically cruel to others
Failure ot honor financial obligations
Crimes; drugs; fights; cruelty; 'con'
Checkered work history
Shirking responsibilities as parent
Incapable of sustaining relationships with family members or friends
Relationships: shallow, brief, marked by callousness, exploitative
Expresses no remorse; feels justified in hurting or mistreating
Charming, engaging, persuasive
Criminal behavior not enough for diagnosis; lack of concern for feelings of others
Possible family history: abuse; neglect; avoidant caregivers
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Borderline Personality Disorder:INTENSE, UNSTABLE, EXTREMES: Borderline Personality Disorder: INTENSE, UNSTABLE, EXTREMES Instability
Mood
Identity
Relationships
Impulses
Self-image
Frantic efforts to avoid being abandoned
Relationships:
high maintenance; turmoil, chaos
baffling and exhaustive to others
Require constant attention to soothing moods and stroking insecurities
Extremes of closeness and distance
Possible family history: probable childhood sexual abuse; enmeshed family; no support for individuation
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Histrionic Personality Disorder:“High Drama”: Histrionic Personality Disorder: 'High Drama' Emotionality
Excessive
Exaggerated
Labile
Constantly seeking
Attention (uncomfortable when not the center)
Reassurance
Approval
Flamboyant
Inappropriately flirtatious/seductive
Possible family history: enmeshed; engulfing; little support for individuation; more aware of others than self; possible sexual abuse/seduction; little family expectation of accomplishment; emphasis on appearance alone as success
Narcissistic Personality Disorder:Grandiose entitlement: Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Grandiose entitlement Pervasive grandiosity about self; self-important masking deep insecurity
Sees self as unique
Feels entitled to admiration, recognition, special privileges; enraged when they don’t get that
Excessive and constant need for admiration
Oriented toward success and perfection
Lacks empathy
Relationships:
Must have their own way
Focused on their own needs
Tends to engulf others with their needs
Charms others to get needs met
Possible family history: rewarded for accomplishments, not self; anxious or ambivalent caregivers; early privilege; pampering; spoiling.