Rhetorical Images: Rhetorical Images Visual Methodologies for Teaching Race and Ethnicity


Barthes and the rhetoric of the image: Barthes and the rhetoric of the image


Using Images: Using Images Barthes concept of 'rhetoric of the image' Images as complex conventional codes Rhetoric is often contrasted with rationality and allied with radical relativism or nihilism but... All discourse is unavoidably rhetorical This presentation illustrates the power of images to condition our thinking


Nation, Citizenship, Identity: Nation, Citizenship, Identity


Available Discourses: Available Discourses Romantic Racist Anthropological Tourist Literary


Slide14: Romanticism Nature ‘in the raw’ ‘primeval’ ‘the ruthless struggle for survival…’ ‘ancient ceremonies’ ‘Rock tree and man are one in the Aborigines hearts and have been since the beginning’


Conditions at One Mile Dam: Conditions at One Mile Dam


Drinking: Drinking The Northern Territory's alcohol consumption is one of the highest in the world, and certainly the highest in Australia. In 2001 the alcohol consumption rate was estimated at 1120 standard drinks per person per year.


Beer Can Regatta: Beer Can Regatta


Law & Order: Law & Order SHANE STONE, FORMER CHIEF MINISTER: People who are out there causing havoc on our streets, who are defecating in our car parks and our shopping centres, deserve to be monstered and stomped on.


Australia’s eugenic policy: Australia’s eugenic policy


The Circuit of Culture: The Circuit of Culture Production – campaigns, intentions Regulation – hegemony and social control Consumption – desire economy - distinction Identity – constant negotiation Representation – political, basis for social meanings, regimes of thought, discourses eg tourism, law and order, anthropological etc..


Critical Visual Methods: Critical Visual Methods myth of objectivity Ethical concerns – exploitation or collaboration? Obtrusiveness of video recording Immediacy and complexity of the material gathered 'the study and use of visual images is only of use within broader sociological research enterprises, rather than as ends in themselves.’ (Bank, M 2001: 178)


Consider the Image: Consider the Image no ‘one-way’ visual method or perspective we don’t ‘see, we ‘perceive’ the visual, as objects and images, exists materially in the world but gain meaning from humans. all images are regarded as polysemic images can be ‘researcher found’ (generated by others) or ‘researcher generated’ (created by the researcher). Photographs or film cannot be equated with truth or reality


Conclusions: Conclusions How to address issues in a relevant way? Allows focus on how social meanings are formed and circulate Visual material drawn from a variety of sources is immediate and interactive Needs backing up with reading Less can be more – small interactive nuggets which when unpacked can really stimulate discussion and understanding Potential for use in virtual learning environments


Images: Images Images Baron Cuvier's Natural History (1890) Landseer's plates Mongols, Negros Lambe, Mick 'Black Australia has had enough' photograph from PARIAH website - reproduced with permission of Mick Lambe Hammerton, Sir J. (circa 1933) Peoples of All Nations, Amalgamated Press, London 'Negro Women' at work in sugar cane field – Vol 1 p203, - Photo Service (untraceablele) 'Bejewelled Beauty of the Kabyle' Crete, (Vol 2, facing page 28) 'Fleeting Glimpses of Feminine Charms' (Vol. 1, p441) Metropolitan Police Anti-Terrorism poster - Nucolorvue Postcard Australian Aborigines - - NCV 12972 11SZ132. – Northern Territory News, 'Go Home', Headline April 2003 Permits for Aborigines March 4th 2003 Black v White, April 26 2003 Gang of 30 Bashes 3 Teens, April 16th 2003 Spencer, S 'John Bull Anti-Euro Protestor' (2005) Defaced Statue of Queen Victoria (Victoria) Georgetowm, Guyana Didgeridoos on sale at Darwin's Mindil Beach Market* Detail of 'boat' at Darwin's Beer Can Regatta and 'tinnies' from One Mile Dam* David Timber, Coordinator of One Mile Dam community Scared' CRE poster, Authors picture but permission granted from CRE Louis Mackay 19th January 2005 All other stills from author's short film Framing the Fringe Dwellers (2005) Spooner John cartoon 'Sorry' in The Age Newspaper, Melbourne Wheeler, H, ed. (1935?) 'Peoples of the World in Pictures' People of the Desert - Australian National Travel Association Woodrow Ross of University of Newcastle NSW Caricatures of Aboriginal people from Queensland Figaro 1887


Bibliography: Bibliography Banks, M (1995) ‘Visual research methods’ Social Research Update Department of Sociology, University of Surrey, Winter 1995 Banks, M (2000) Visual Methods in Social Research, Sage Barthes, R (1984) Camera Lucida, Flamingo Barthes, R, (1982) Image, Music,Text, Flamingo Barthes, R, (1972) Mythologies, Paladin Critcher, 2002 Hall, S. et al 1978, Hall, Stuart, ed. (1997) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, Sage Kumbutjil Association (One Mile Dam Community) onemiledam.org Muecke, S. (1982) ‘Available Discourses’ in Botsman, P. d (1982) Theoretical Strategies, Sydney, Local Consumption Press. PARIAH website (People Against Racism In Australian Homelands) managed by Mick Lambe (Better a Pariah than a Liar) http://www.country-liberal-party.com/pages/incarc_p5.htm W.J.T. Mitchell (1994:13) Picture Theory. Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation University of Chicago Press. Rose (2001) Visual Methodologies, Sage Said, E (1978) Orientalism, Penguin Spencer, S (due 2005) A Dream Deferred: Ethnic Conflict in Guyana, Dido Press Spencer, S (2005) Contested Homelands: Darwin's 'itinerant problem' in Pacific Journalism Review, Auckland University: New Zealand Also Available Online http://onemiledam.org/pages/Framing_the_Fringe_Dwellers.htm Spencer, S (2005) 'Framing the Fringe Dwellers': Visual Methods for Research & Teaching Race & Ethnicity: A Sample Case Study, in C-SAP Monograph Spencer, S & Todd, M (2005) Reflecting on Practice: teaching and learning issues in race and ethnicity, C-SAP Monograph, University of Birmingham Woodlock, R. (2002) Muslim Feminists and the Veil: To veil or not to veil - is that the question? http://www.islamfortoday.com/feminists_veil.htm Woodward, K (1997) Identity & Difference, Sage Yegenoglu M (1998) Colonial Fantasies: Towards a Feminist Reading of Orientalism Cambridge Univ Press Sonia Smallacombe(July 2004) Chas Critcher interview (June 2004)