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Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Power Plant Familiarization : Power Plant Familiarization Part –I Power Plant Overview : Part –I Power Plant Overview Part –II Power Plant Systems & Equipments Part –III Power Plant Control Philosophy Course Contents Slide 3: Part –I Power Plant Overview Types of Power Plants : Types of Power Plants Thermal Coal Fired Gas Fired Hydro Nuclear Non-conventional Power Plant Overview Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Basic Principle Basic principle in modern power plants is based on Rankine Cycle. It is applicable for conventional coal fired steam turbine plant as well bottoming turbine for combine cycle plants. Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview 1-2 Saturated Liquid from condenser at state 1 is pumped isentropically to state 2 and into the boiler. 2-3 Liquid is heated at constant pressure in the boiler to state 3 (Saturated Steam). 3-4 Steam expands isentropically through the turbine to state 4, where it enters condenser as wet vapors. 4-1 Constant pressure transfer of heat in the condenser takes place to return the steam to state 1 (Saturated Liquid). Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Efficiency of Rankine cycle can be increased by Superheating the steam in the boiler. Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Efficiency of Rankine cycle can also be increased by Re-heating (4-5) the steam in the boiler. The steam is expanded to some intermediate pressure in turbine and then reheated in boiler. Following reheat the steam is expanded to the cycle exhaust pressure in the turbine again. Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Efficiency of Rankine cycle can also be increased by Regeneration which involves feed-water heaters. This cycle regains some of the irreversible heat lost when condensed liquid is pumped into the boiler by heating feed-water through heaters (Using extraction steam). Coal Fired Power Plants : Coal Fired Power Plants Drum Type Boiler Once Through Type Boiler Power Plant Overview Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Fluidized Bed Boiler Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Steam Turbine Product Combinations Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Open Cycle Combined Cycle (With or without Supplementary Firing) Cogeneration (With or without Supplementary Firing) Gas Fired Power Plants Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Open Cycle Combined Cycle (With or without Supplementary Firing) Cogeneration (With or without Supplementary Firing) Gas Fired Power Plants Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Open Cycle Combined Cycle (With or without Supplementary Firing) Cogeneration (With or without Supplementary Firing) Steam to Process Gas Fired Power Plants Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Basic thermodynamic cycle on which Gas Turbine is based is known as Brayton Cycle. Work obtained by expanding gas at higher temperatures. Gas Fired Power Plants Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview T-S Diagram of a combined-cycle power plant with single-pressure steam cycle Gas Fired Power Plants Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Plant efficiencies using different combination of Combined-Cycles Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Typical Overview of a Combined-Cycle Power Plant Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Go To Demo of Combine Cycle Power Plant Slide 22: Part –II Power Plant Systems & Equipments Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Major Power Plant On Site Systems Boiler/HRSG Protection System Fuel Handling System Air/Flue Gas Handling System Main Steam System Reheat Steam System HP/LP Bypass System Auxiliary Steam System Extraction Steam System Condensate System Feed-water System Circulating Water System Air Evacuation System Drain & Vent System Lubrication Oil System Turbine Governing System Turbine Protection System Turbine Supervisory System Turbine Stress Evaluator System Generator / Excitation /Electrical System Major Power Plant Off Site Systems Coal Handling System Ash Handling System DM Water System Water Cooling System Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Boiler/HRSG Protection System All Interlocks and protections are wired up to this system for supervising and safe operation of the Boiler/HRSG. The protection mainly includes Drum level, furnace pressure, flame failure, fuel protections, major auxiliary equipments trips etc. One out of two OR Two out of three combinations are used for trips. Normally includes Master Fuel Trip, Purge and overall unit logic. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Fuel Handling System All equipments required for firing the fuel are included in this system like Fuel burners, Mills, Coal Feeders etc. All interlocks and protections related to individual burner/equipment are covered in this area. Normally includes Oil/Gas Stations, Burners at Oil/coal Elevations, Mills, Coal Feeders, Atomization Air/Steam Stations, Fuel Transfer Pumps. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Air/Flue Gas Handling System All equipments required for providing combustion air and extracting flue gas are included. All interlocks and protections related to individual Fans, Dampers, Air Pre-Heaters are covered in this area. Normally includes Furnace Draft Fans, Induced Draft Fans, Primary Air Fans, Secondary/Primary Air control Dampers, Air Pre-Heaters. Major function of this system to maintain furnace draft, provide combustion air and perform proper heat exchange between air and flue gas. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Main Steam System All equipments required for providing superheated steam are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Super-heaters, Attemprators are covered in this area. Normally includes Water-walls, Drum, Super-heaters, Attemprators, Main Steam isolating valves. Major function of this system is to separate steam from water, superheat steam to desired pressure and temperature and isolate boiler if steam is not required. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Reheat Steam System All equipments required for providing reheated steam are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Re-heaters, Attemprators are covered in this area. Normally includes Re-heaters, Attemprators. Major function of this system is to provide reheated steam at desired pressure. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments HP/LP Bypass System All equipments required for bypassing the HP and IP/LP turbine are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Bypass valves, Attemprators are covered in this area. Normally includes HP/LP bypass valves, Attemprators. Major function of this system is to maintain desired main steam/ HRH pressure/temperature during turbine start-up and shutdown and bypass the HP/IP/LP turbine during tripping. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Auxiliary Steam System All equipments required for providing auxiliary steam are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual valves, Attemprators are covered in this area. Normally includes auxiliary steam pressure control valves and attemprators. Major function of this system is to provide auxiliary steam for Soot-blowing, Steam Coil Air-Preheating, Turbine Seal-Steam System, De-aerator Pegging, Fuel Heating etc. during plant start-up and normal running. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Extraction Steam System All equipments required for extracting steam from steam cycle are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual non-return valves and isolating valves covered in this area. Normally includes individual non-return valves and isolating valves. Major function of this system is to provide extraction steam for auxiliary steam header, De-aerator Pegging, HP/LP Heaters during plant start-up and normal running for overall improvement in plant efficiency. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Condensate System All equipments required for condensate extraction from hot-well are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Condensate Extraction Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, make-up valves are covered in this area. Normally includes individual Condensate Extraction Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves and make-up valves . Major function of this system is to extract condensate from hot-well, maintain the condensate losses and maintain hot-well level. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Feed-water System All equipments required for feed-water are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Boiler Feed Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, drum level control valves are covered in this area. Normally includes individual Boiler Feed Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, drum level control valves . Major function of this system is to provide feed-water to drum and maintain its level. Single, two or three element drum level control may be used depending upon the plant requirements. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Circulating Water System All equipments required for circulating cooling water are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Closed Cycle Pumps, Open Cycle Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, level control valves are covered in this area. Normally includes individual Closed Cycle Pumps, Open Cycle Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, level control valves . Major function of this system is to provide cooling water to plant equipments like condenser, generator, HT motors, vacuum system etc. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Air Evacuation System All equipments required for Air Evacuation are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Vacuum Pumps/Ejectors, System isolating valves, recirculation pumps, level control valves are covered in this area. Normally includes individual Vacuum Pumps (and/ or) Ejectors, System isolating valves, recirculation pumps, level control valves . Major function of this system is to vacuum in the condenser as per plant conditions. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Drain & Vent System All equipments required for draining and venting boiler and turbine are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual drain and vent valves are covered in this area. Normally includes drain and vent valves situated in different areas of boiler and turbine. Major function of this system is to drain boiler and turbine steam lines as per plant conditions. This system is an essential part of plant start-up and shut-down. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Lubrication Oil System All equipments required for providing lubrication to turbine/generator bearings are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Auxiliary Oil Pumps, Emergency Oil Pumps, Jacking Oil Pumps, Lube Oil Temperature Control Valves, Lube Oil Tank, Lube Oil Coolers are covered in this area. Normally includes Auxiliary Oil Pumps, Emergency Oil Pumps, Jacking Oil Pumps, Lube Oil Temperature Control Valves, Lube Oil Tank, Lube Oil Coolers . Major function of this system is to provide lubrication to turbine bearings through out turbine barring gear operation, rolling of turbine , normal running and shut-down of turbine. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Turbine Governing System All equipments required for controlling turbine throttle valves are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual HP Control Valves, IP Control Valves, HP Shut-off Valves, IP Shut-off Valves, Over-speed Trip, Vacuum Trip, Manual Trip are covered in this area. Normally includes Electro-Hydraulic Converter, HP Control Valves, IP Control Valves, HP Shut-off Valves, IP Shut-off Valves, Over-speed Trip, Vacuum Trip, Manual Trip. Major function of this system is to regulate turbine control valves as per load/ throttle pressure requirement depending upon boiler follow or turbine follow mode respectively. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Turbine Protection System All instruments required for protecting turbine are included here. All interlocks and protections related to turbine tripping are generated in this area. Normally includes trips due to vibrations, turbine expansions, axial shift, bearing temperatures, low vacuum, fire protection, low lube oil level, generator mechanical protection, high hot-well level, master fuel trip, high exhaust steam temperatures etc. Major function of this system is to trip turbine due to above unsafe conditions during start-up / running. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Turbine Stress Evaluator System All instruments required for supervising turbine thermal stresses are included here. All interlocks and protections related to turbine thermal stresses are generated in this area. Normally includes thermal stress measurements related to turbine Inner/outer casing temperatures, turbine control/shut-off valves temperatures etc . Major function of this system is to guide operator and restrict loading/unloading of turbine to avoid fatigue to turbine and turbine valves during start-up, running and shut-down. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Turbine Supervisory System All instruments required for supervising turbine conditions are included here. All interlocks and protections related to turbine vibrations, turbine expansions, axial shift, bearing temperatures are generated in this area. Normally includes turbine vibrations, turbine expansions, axial shift, bearing temperatures . Major function of this system is to supervise turbine operating conditions during start-up, running and shut-down. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Generator / Excitation/Electrical System All equipments required for Generator are included here. All interlocks and protections related to Generator Stator Cooling System, Gas Cooling System, Seal Oil System, Exciter Cooling System are generated in this area. Normally includes Generator Stator Cooling System, Gas Cooling System, Seal Oil System, Exciter Cooling System. Major function of this system is to provide mechanical protection to the generator during start-up, running and shut-down. All electrical protection are part of generator/exciter electrical protection system. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Coal Handling System All equipments required for Off Site Coal Handling are included here. All interlocks and protections related to Wagon Tippler, Stack/Re-claimer, Crushers and Conveyor are generated in this area. Normally includes Wagon Tippler, Stack/Re-claimer, Crushers and Conveyor System. Major function of this system is to Unload coal from Wagons, Stack the coal, convey the coal to crushers and from crushers to the coal bunkers. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Ash Handling System All equipments required for Off Site Ash Handling are included here. All interlocks and protections related to Slurry Maker/Transfer system, if wet ash removal system, Ash Silos, if dry ash removal system, are generated in this area. Normally includes Slurry Maker/Transfer system, if wet ash removal system, Ash Silos, if dry ash removal system. Major function of this system is to remove ash from boiler (bottom ash hoppers, ESP ash hoppers). Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments DM Water System All equipments required for Off Site DM water making are included here. All interlocks and protections related DM water making are generated in this area. Normally includes chemical treatment plant, DM water Storage Tanks, DM water transfer pumps. Major function of this system is to provide DM water to the Main Power Plant Area. Some of the equipments like generator require DM Water for its cooling due conductivity reasons. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Water Cooling System All equipments required for Off Site water cooling are included here. All interlocks and protections related Cooling water pumps, Cooling Tower fans are generated in this area. Normally includes Cooling water pumps, Cooling Tower fans, Cooling Towers. Major function of this system is to cool the water that got heated after heat exchange in condenser and other coolers located in plant area, and can be re-used. Slide 47: Part –III Power Plant Control Philosophy Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy AGC (Grid Level) CMC /UCC (Unit Level) Turbine Control (Plant Level) Boiler Controls (Plant Level) Balance of Plants Controls (Plant Level) Control Loops in Power Plant (System Level) Control Equipments in Power Plant (Equipment Level) Hierarchy of Controls Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Automatic Generation Control Top Level Power Generation Control Remote Set-point send to different units Set-point based on Grid Demand (Load/Frequency) Set-point can be analog or Pulse from AGC Units must runs in UCC/CBF Mode for best results Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Unit Coordinated Control Unit Level Power Generation Control Remote Set-point from AGC is received here Depending upon the ramp rate set, the unit responds to AGC Demand Units runs in Remote/UCC/CBF Mode for best results All control loops are running in auto UCC – AGC Set-Point : UCC – AGC Set-Point UCC – Typical scheme (Emerson) : UCC – Typical scheme (Emerson) BF TF CTF CBF Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Turbine Control (Plant Level) Turbine governing system receives MW demand from Turbine Master (UCC in CBF Mode). Turbine Governing Valves modulates to match the demand. The demand is matched very fast, boiler is to response faster to avoid throttle pressure deviation. All Control loops in turbine area working in auto. Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Boiler Controls (Plant Level) Fuel Master receives Throttle Pressure demand from Boiler Master (UCC in CBF Mode). As the turbine valves modulates to match the MW demand, disturbance will be created in throttle pressure. Fuel Master increase or decreases fuel to maintain throttle pressure. All Control loops like fuel master, air master, feed-water master in boiler area working in auto. Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Balance of Plants Controls (Plant Level) Balance of plant controls are independent of UCC controls. The effect on these loops is indirect. Depending upon the unit ramping up or down these loops responds, but do not have direct effect on unit. These loops must work efficiently to help proper and efficient plant operation Normally these loops includes, ash handling, coal handling, DM Water Plants, Water Cooling System Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Main Control Loops in Power Plant (System Level) Fuel Master (Feeder Speed Control) Controls Mills/Coal Feeders Air Master (Cross-Limiting and Secondary air Flow Control) Controls FD Fans and related control dampers and blade pitch Furnace Pressure Control Controls ID Fans and related control dampers and hydraulic coupling Steam Temperature Control (SH/RH) Controls de-superheating spray valves Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Main Control Loops in Power Plant (System Level) Feed-water Master (Drum Level Control) Controls Boiler Feed Pumps and related control valves and hydraulic coupling Condensate Control ( Hot-well Level Control) Controls Condensate Pumps and related control valves De-aerator Level Control Controls control valves HP/LP Heater Level Control Controls level control valves HP/LP Bypass Pressure and Temperature Controls Controls related pressure control valves de-superheating spray valves Slide 58: Questions ? 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sdcdc yugs Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1731 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (2) Dislike it (0) Added: August 23, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: gojikevin (36 month(s) ago) I would like to download power plant familiarization please. This is excellent Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: gassem20 (41 month(s) ago) can i download this ppt Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: jrm18a (42 month(s) ago) pl. allow down load Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: shyamalkgecme (42 month(s) ago) i want to download this but cant dowbload this........its need imidiately .plz help me within 1 or 2 days Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: rajendra_eee (43 month(s) ago) i want to download this..and more information about AGC....and perticularly in hydro power plants...any body help me.....please.... Saving..... Post Reply Close By: koltkommando (35 month(s) ago) trial Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Power Plant Familiarization : Power Plant Familiarization Part –I Power Plant Overview : Part –I Power Plant Overview Part –II Power Plant Systems & Equipments Part –III Power Plant Control Philosophy Course Contents Slide 3: Part –I Power Plant Overview Types of Power Plants : Types of Power Plants Thermal Coal Fired Gas Fired Hydro Nuclear Non-conventional Power Plant Overview Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Basic Principle Basic principle in modern power plants is based on Rankine Cycle. It is applicable for conventional coal fired steam turbine plant as well bottoming turbine for combine cycle plants. Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview 1-2 Saturated Liquid from condenser at state 1 is pumped isentropically to state 2 and into the boiler. 2-3 Liquid is heated at constant pressure in the boiler to state 3 (Saturated Steam). 3-4 Steam expands isentropically through the turbine to state 4, where it enters condenser as wet vapors. 4-1 Constant pressure transfer of heat in the condenser takes place to return the steam to state 1 (Saturated Liquid). Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Efficiency of Rankine cycle can be increased by Superheating the steam in the boiler. Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Efficiency of Rankine cycle can also be increased by Re-heating (4-5) the steam in the boiler. The steam is expanded to some intermediate pressure in turbine and then reheated in boiler. Following reheat the steam is expanded to the cycle exhaust pressure in the turbine again. Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Efficiency of Rankine cycle can also be increased by Regeneration which involves feed-water heaters. This cycle regains some of the irreversible heat lost when condensed liquid is pumped into the boiler by heating feed-water through heaters (Using extraction steam). Coal Fired Power Plants : Coal Fired Power Plants Drum Type Boiler Once Through Type Boiler Power Plant Overview Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Fluidized Bed Boiler Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Steam Turbine Product Combinations Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Open Cycle Combined Cycle (With or without Supplementary Firing) Cogeneration (With or without Supplementary Firing) Gas Fired Power Plants Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Open Cycle Combined Cycle (With or without Supplementary Firing) Cogeneration (With or without Supplementary Firing) Gas Fired Power Plants Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Open Cycle Combined Cycle (With or without Supplementary Firing) Cogeneration (With or without Supplementary Firing) Steam to Process Gas Fired Power Plants Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Basic thermodynamic cycle on which Gas Turbine is based is known as Brayton Cycle. Work obtained by expanding gas at higher temperatures. Gas Fired Power Plants Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview T-S Diagram of a combined-cycle power plant with single-pressure steam cycle Gas Fired Power Plants Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Plant efficiencies using different combination of Combined-Cycles Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Typical Overview of a Combined-Cycle Power Plant Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Power Plant Overview : Power Plant Overview Go To Demo of Combine Cycle Power Plant Slide 22: Part –II Power Plant Systems & Equipments Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Major Power Plant On Site Systems Boiler/HRSG Protection System Fuel Handling System Air/Flue Gas Handling System Main Steam System Reheat Steam System HP/LP Bypass System Auxiliary Steam System Extraction Steam System Condensate System Feed-water System Circulating Water System Air Evacuation System Drain & Vent System Lubrication Oil System Turbine Governing System Turbine Protection System Turbine Supervisory System Turbine Stress Evaluator System Generator / Excitation /Electrical System Major Power Plant Off Site Systems Coal Handling System Ash Handling System DM Water System Water Cooling System Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Boiler/HRSG Protection System All Interlocks and protections are wired up to this system for supervising and safe operation of the Boiler/HRSG. The protection mainly includes Drum level, furnace pressure, flame failure, fuel protections, major auxiliary equipments trips etc. One out of two OR Two out of three combinations are used for trips. Normally includes Master Fuel Trip, Purge and overall unit logic. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Fuel Handling System All equipments required for firing the fuel are included in this system like Fuel burners, Mills, Coal Feeders etc. All interlocks and protections related to individual burner/equipment are covered in this area. Normally includes Oil/Gas Stations, Burners at Oil/coal Elevations, Mills, Coal Feeders, Atomization Air/Steam Stations, Fuel Transfer Pumps. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Air/Flue Gas Handling System All equipments required for providing combustion air and extracting flue gas are included. All interlocks and protections related to individual Fans, Dampers, Air Pre-Heaters are covered in this area. Normally includes Furnace Draft Fans, Induced Draft Fans, Primary Air Fans, Secondary/Primary Air control Dampers, Air Pre-Heaters. Major function of this system to maintain furnace draft, provide combustion air and perform proper heat exchange between air and flue gas. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Main Steam System All equipments required for providing superheated steam are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Super-heaters, Attemprators are covered in this area. Normally includes Water-walls, Drum, Super-heaters, Attemprators, Main Steam isolating valves. Major function of this system is to separate steam from water, superheat steam to desired pressure and temperature and isolate boiler if steam is not required. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Reheat Steam System All equipments required for providing reheated steam are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Re-heaters, Attemprators are covered in this area. Normally includes Re-heaters, Attemprators. Major function of this system is to provide reheated steam at desired pressure. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments HP/LP Bypass System All equipments required for bypassing the HP and IP/LP turbine are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Bypass valves, Attemprators are covered in this area. Normally includes HP/LP bypass valves, Attemprators. Major function of this system is to maintain desired main steam/ HRH pressure/temperature during turbine start-up and shutdown and bypass the HP/IP/LP turbine during tripping. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Auxiliary Steam System All equipments required for providing auxiliary steam are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual valves, Attemprators are covered in this area. Normally includes auxiliary steam pressure control valves and attemprators. Major function of this system is to provide auxiliary steam for Soot-blowing, Steam Coil Air-Preheating, Turbine Seal-Steam System, De-aerator Pegging, Fuel Heating etc. during plant start-up and normal running. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Extraction Steam System All equipments required for extracting steam from steam cycle are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual non-return valves and isolating valves covered in this area. Normally includes individual non-return valves and isolating valves. Major function of this system is to provide extraction steam for auxiliary steam header, De-aerator Pegging, HP/LP Heaters during plant start-up and normal running for overall improvement in plant efficiency. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Condensate System All equipments required for condensate extraction from hot-well are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Condensate Extraction Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, make-up valves are covered in this area. Normally includes individual Condensate Extraction Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves and make-up valves . Major function of this system is to extract condensate from hot-well, maintain the condensate losses and maintain hot-well level. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Feed-water System All equipments required for feed-water are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Boiler Feed Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, drum level control valves are covered in this area. Normally includes individual Boiler Feed Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, drum level control valves . Major function of this system is to provide feed-water to drum and maintain its level. Single, two or three element drum level control may be used depending upon the plant requirements. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Circulating Water System All equipments required for circulating cooling water are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Closed Cycle Pumps, Open Cycle Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, level control valves are covered in this area. Normally includes individual Closed Cycle Pumps, Open Cycle Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, level control valves . Major function of this system is to provide cooling water to plant equipments like condenser, generator, HT motors, vacuum system etc. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Air Evacuation System All equipments required for Air Evacuation are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Vacuum Pumps/Ejectors, System isolating valves, recirculation pumps, level control valves are covered in this area. Normally includes individual Vacuum Pumps (and/ or) Ejectors, System isolating valves, recirculation pumps, level control valves . Major function of this system is to vacuum in the condenser as per plant conditions. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Drain & Vent System All equipments required for draining and venting boiler and turbine are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual drain and vent valves are covered in this area. Normally includes drain and vent valves situated in different areas of boiler and turbine. Major function of this system is to drain boiler and turbine steam lines as per plant conditions. This system is an essential part of plant start-up and shut-down. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Lubrication Oil System All equipments required for providing lubrication to turbine/generator bearings are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual Auxiliary Oil Pumps, Emergency Oil Pumps, Jacking Oil Pumps, Lube Oil Temperature Control Valves, Lube Oil Tank, Lube Oil Coolers are covered in this area. Normally includes Auxiliary Oil Pumps, Emergency Oil Pumps, Jacking Oil Pumps, Lube Oil Temperature Control Valves, Lube Oil Tank, Lube Oil Coolers . Major function of this system is to provide lubrication to turbine bearings through out turbine barring gear operation, rolling of turbine , normal running and shut-down of turbine. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Turbine Governing System All equipments required for controlling turbine throttle valves are included here. All interlocks and protections related to individual HP Control Valves, IP Control Valves, HP Shut-off Valves, IP Shut-off Valves, Over-speed Trip, Vacuum Trip, Manual Trip are covered in this area. Normally includes Electro-Hydraulic Converter, HP Control Valves, IP Control Valves, HP Shut-off Valves, IP Shut-off Valves, Over-speed Trip, Vacuum Trip, Manual Trip. Major function of this system is to regulate turbine control valves as per load/ throttle pressure requirement depending upon boiler follow or turbine follow mode respectively. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Turbine Protection System All instruments required for protecting turbine are included here. All interlocks and protections related to turbine tripping are generated in this area. Normally includes trips due to vibrations, turbine expansions, axial shift, bearing temperatures, low vacuum, fire protection, low lube oil level, generator mechanical protection, high hot-well level, master fuel trip, high exhaust steam temperatures etc. Major function of this system is to trip turbine due to above unsafe conditions during start-up / running. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Turbine Stress Evaluator System All instruments required for supervising turbine thermal stresses are included here. All interlocks and protections related to turbine thermal stresses are generated in this area. Normally includes thermal stress measurements related to turbine Inner/outer casing temperatures, turbine control/shut-off valves temperatures etc . Major function of this system is to guide operator and restrict loading/unloading of turbine to avoid fatigue to turbine and turbine valves during start-up, running and shut-down. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Turbine Supervisory System All instruments required for supervising turbine conditions are included here. All interlocks and protections related to turbine vibrations, turbine expansions, axial shift, bearing temperatures are generated in this area. Normally includes turbine vibrations, turbine expansions, axial shift, bearing temperatures . Major function of this system is to supervise turbine operating conditions during start-up, running and shut-down. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Generator / Excitation/Electrical System All equipments required for Generator are included here. All interlocks and protections related to Generator Stator Cooling System, Gas Cooling System, Seal Oil System, Exciter Cooling System are generated in this area. Normally includes Generator Stator Cooling System, Gas Cooling System, Seal Oil System, Exciter Cooling System. Major function of this system is to provide mechanical protection to the generator during start-up, running and shut-down. All electrical protection are part of generator/exciter electrical protection system. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Coal Handling System All equipments required for Off Site Coal Handling are included here. All interlocks and protections related to Wagon Tippler, Stack/Re-claimer, Crushers and Conveyor are generated in this area. Normally includes Wagon Tippler, Stack/Re-claimer, Crushers and Conveyor System. Major function of this system is to Unload coal from Wagons, Stack the coal, convey the coal to crushers and from crushers to the coal bunkers. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Ash Handling System All equipments required for Off Site Ash Handling are included here. All interlocks and protections related to Slurry Maker/Transfer system, if wet ash removal system, Ash Silos, if dry ash removal system, are generated in this area. Normally includes Slurry Maker/Transfer system, if wet ash removal system, Ash Silos, if dry ash removal system. Major function of this system is to remove ash from boiler (bottom ash hoppers, ESP ash hoppers). Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments DM Water System All equipments required for Off Site DM water making are included here. All interlocks and protections related DM water making are generated in this area. Normally includes chemical treatment plant, DM water Storage Tanks, DM water transfer pumps. Major function of this system is to provide DM water to the Main Power Plant Area. Some of the equipments like generator require DM Water for its cooling due conductivity reasons. Power Plant Systems & Equipments : Power Plant Systems & Equipments Water Cooling System All equipments required for Off Site water cooling are included here. All interlocks and protections related Cooling water pumps, Cooling Tower fans are generated in this area. Normally includes Cooling water pumps, Cooling Tower fans, Cooling Towers. Major function of this system is to cool the water that got heated after heat exchange in condenser and other coolers located in plant area, and can be re-used. Slide 47: Part –III Power Plant Control Philosophy Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy AGC (Grid Level) CMC /UCC (Unit Level) Turbine Control (Plant Level) Boiler Controls (Plant Level) Balance of Plants Controls (Plant Level) Control Loops in Power Plant (System Level) Control Equipments in Power Plant (Equipment Level) Hierarchy of Controls Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Automatic Generation Control Top Level Power Generation Control Remote Set-point send to different units Set-point based on Grid Demand (Load/Frequency) Set-point can be analog or Pulse from AGC Units must runs in UCC/CBF Mode for best results Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Unit Coordinated Control Unit Level Power Generation Control Remote Set-point from AGC is received here Depending upon the ramp rate set, the unit responds to AGC Demand Units runs in Remote/UCC/CBF Mode for best results All control loops are running in auto UCC – AGC Set-Point : UCC – AGC Set-Point UCC – Typical scheme (Emerson) : UCC – Typical scheme (Emerson) BF TF CTF CBF Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Turbine Control (Plant Level) Turbine governing system receives MW demand from Turbine Master (UCC in CBF Mode). Turbine Governing Valves modulates to match the demand. The demand is matched very fast, boiler is to response faster to avoid throttle pressure deviation. All Control loops in turbine area working in auto. Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Boiler Controls (Plant Level) Fuel Master receives Throttle Pressure demand from Boiler Master (UCC in CBF Mode). As the turbine valves modulates to match the MW demand, disturbance will be created in throttle pressure. Fuel Master increase or decreases fuel to maintain throttle pressure. All Control loops like fuel master, air master, feed-water master in boiler area working in auto. Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Balance of Plants Controls (Plant Level) Balance of plant controls are independent of UCC controls. The effect on these loops is indirect. Depending upon the unit ramping up or down these loops responds, but do not have direct effect on unit. These loops must work efficiently to help proper and efficient plant operation Normally these loops includes, ash handling, coal handling, DM Water Plants, Water Cooling System Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Main Control Loops in Power Plant (System Level) Fuel Master (Feeder Speed Control) Controls Mills/Coal Feeders Air Master (Cross-Limiting and Secondary air Flow Control) Controls FD Fans and related control dampers and blade pitch Furnace Pressure Control Controls ID Fans and related control dampers and hydraulic coupling Steam Temperature Control (SH/RH) Controls de-superheating spray valves Power Plant Control Philosophy : Power Plant Control Philosophy Main Control Loops in Power Plant (System Level) Feed-water Master (Drum Level Control) Controls Boiler Feed Pumps and related control valves and hydraulic coupling Condensate Control ( Hot-well Level Control) Controls Condensate Pumps and related control valves De-aerator Level Control Controls control valves HP/LP Heater Level Control Controls level control valves HP/LP Bypass Pressure and Temperature Controls Controls related pressure control valves de-superheating spray valves Slide 58: Questions ? Slide 59: Thank You