Slide 2:5


Slide 3:4


Slide 4:3


Slide 5:2


Slide 6:1


Slide 7:G PRESENTS… PRESENTS… REAT IMAGE


Slide 8:G PRESENTS… PRESENTS… REAT IMAGE


Slide 10:A Basic PHOTOGRAPHY Lesson


Slide 11:A Basic PHOTOGRAPHY Lesson


Day 1 Discussion :Day 1 Discussion Morning Introduction Photography: 9:30 – 10:00 Meaning and short history Importance to life The elements of a good picture 10:00 – 10:15 Your Camera: 10:15 – 11:00 Analog vs Digital Camera Parts and its usage Vocabulary in Photography 11:00 – 11:45 Aperture / Shutter Speed Depth of Field Exposure AE Lock, Bracketing, Metering Accessories 11:45 – 12:00


Day 1 Discussion :Day 1 Discussion Afternoon Lighting 1:00 – 2:00 Nature of LIGHT as a SCIENCE Importance of LIGHT in Photography Lighting Techniques ACTUAL DEMO HANDLING 2:00 – 4:00 TASKING (For Analog Camera holders) 4:00 – 6:00


Day 2 Discussion :Day 2 Discussion Morning Analyzing Day 1 Task (with class participation) 9:00 – 9:30 Posing 9:30 – 12:00 Guides to Posing/Modeling (solo,group) Application of Lighting Afternoon Actualization with model 1:00 – 4:00 Presentation of work (For Digital Camera Handlers) 4:00 – 5:00 Distribution of Certificates 5:00 – 6:00


Slide 15:Activity 1 Let us geared our motor running!


Slide 16:INTRODUCTION


Slide 17:What is PHOTOGRAPHY?


Slide 18:Pho·tog·ra·phy (f?-tog'r?-fe)     The art or process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces. The art, practice, or occupation of taking and printing photographs. According to the Dictionary:


Slide 19:Pho·tog·ra·phy (f?-tog'r?-fe) According to Mc Graw Hill Professional Terms: The process of forming stable or permanent visible images directly or indirectly by the action of light or other forms of radiation on sensitive surfaces. Traditional photography uses the action of light to cause changes in a film of silver halide crystals in which development converts exposed silver halide to (nonsensitive) metallic silver. Following exposure in a camera or other device, the film or plate is developed, fixed in a solution that dissolves the undeveloped silver halide, washed to remove the soluble salts, and dried. Printing from the original, if required, is done by contact or optical projection onto a second emulsion-coated material, and a similar sequence of processing steps is followed.


Slide 20:SHORT HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY: Although no one knows for sure when a camera-type device was first discovered, the camera obscura became popular among Renaissance artists who used it to trace the image projected by light shining through a tiny hole. The word photography was first used in the year 1839 - the year the invention of the photographic process was made public. The first successful permanent photograph is usually credited to Louis Jacque Daguerre. He is considered the Father of Photography. Louis-Daguerreotype Camera Louis-Daguerre Father of Photography


Slide 21:The picture which popularized him was captured on a silver-coated sheet of copper, using his 'positive image‘. It was termed Daguerreotype process. It was fragile & difficult to reproduce. By the time the details of this process were made public, in 1839, other artists and scientists had discovered additional photographic imaging techniques. William Henry Fox Talbot's Calotype process used light-sensitive paper and produced a 'negative image' that could be used to create positive prints. These methods required long exposure time, animate objects could not be recorded. No one could hold still long enough! The earliest photographic recordings were architechtural and landscape scenes. By 1840, when techniques had improved and exposure times were shortened, Portrait photography became fashionable. Since that time, photography has become an important tool in many fields, with sophisticated techniques and equipment continuing to evolve.


Slide 22:Ever wonder why people from the old days never “smile wide” during posing on a photo session?


Slide 23:Essential Elements of a Good Photographs LIGHT SUBJECT FOCUS COMPOSITION ANGLE


Slide 24:Activity 2 Let us geared our motor running! “United we stand, divided we fall!”


Slide 25:Knowing your Camera


Slide 26:Types of Modern Cameras: Digital Camera Manual *SLR Camera Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera: A camera where the same lens is used to see and photograph an image. In all other cameras, the viewfinder lens is different from the photographing lens, hence the actual picture frame may be slightly different from what the photographer sees. SLR cameras also have lens changing facility, and much superior picture quality.


Slide 27:Anatomy of a Manual Camera: Viewfinder - what the operator looks through to aim, focus the image and get other camera settings ready. Lens - lets the light in and focuses it on the film or a mirror which reflects the image to the viewfinder. If the image through the viewfinder is not in focus, the light on the film will produce a blurry image. Mirror - is in use when the shutter is closed. It reflects light of the image through a prism to the eye of the photographer. When the shutter is open, the mirror moves up and the light rays fall on the film, taking the picture. Shutter Release Button - the control that releases the aperture opening, lifts up the mirror, and exposes the film to the light.


Slide 28:Anatomy of a Manual Camera: Shutter Speed Dial - this regulates how the aperture stays open. The slower the shutter speed, the more light will come in. The faster the speed, the less light will get in to expose the film. A dial setting of 60 means 1/60 of a second, which is slow. F-Stop Ring - this is the control which sets the size of the aperture opening as the picture is taken. The settings run from 2 or 4 to 22, 2 or 4 being the largest openings and 22 being the smallest. The smaller the opening, the less light will get in to expose the film. ASA Dial - The ASA number assigned to film reflects how sensitive to light it is, or how quickly it will react to light. To take a picture of fast action or low lighted objects, use fast film. The higher the number, the faster the film and anything above 200 is considered fast film. Film Advance Lever - this is used to advance or move over each small piece of film after the picture is taken. The film comes out of the film canister and moves across to the film take up reel.


Slide 29:Anatomy of a Manual Camera: Rewind Crank - this is used only after all the pictures have been taken. It is used to rewind the exposed film back into the canister. Prism - This is the only camera part without a photograph. The prism is located on the inside of the camera near the top. It is a solid transparent object which refracts [changes the direction of] light.


Slide 30:Digital Photography Terminologies Digital photography, as opposed to film photography, uses electronic devices to record the image as binary data. This facilitates storage and editing of the images on personal computers, and also the ability to show and delete unsuccessful images immediately on the camera itself. A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an image sensor, consisting of an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, light-sensitive capacitors. This device is also known as a Color-Capture Device. Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) A pixel (short for picture element, using the common abbreviation "pix" for "picture") is a single point in a graphic image. Each such information element is not really a dot, nor a square, but an abstract sample. With care, pixels in an image can be reproduced at any size without the appearance of visible dots or squares; but in many contexts, they are reproduced as dots or squares and can be visibly distinct when not fine enough. The resolution of a digital image is defined as the number of pixels it contains. A 5 megapixel image is typically 2,560 pixels wide and 1,920 pixels high and has a resolution of 4,915,200 pixels, rounded off to 5 million pixels. It is recommended to shoot at a resolution which corresponds with the camera's effective pixel count. As explained in the pixels topic, shooting at higher (interpolated) resolutions (if available as an option) creates only marginal benefits but takes up more card space. Shooting at lower resolutions only makes sense if you are running out of card space and/or image quality is not important. JPEG stands for 'Joint Photographic Experts Group


Slide 31:The Looks


Slide 32:Activity 3 Let us geared our motor running!


Slide 33:END OF DAY 1 General Terminologies Aperture refers to the size of the opening in the lens that determines the amount of light falling onto the film or sensor. The size of the opening is controlled by an adjustable diaphragm of overlapping blades similar to the pupils of our eyes.


Slide 34:A larger aperture (smaller f-number, e.g. f/2) has a shallow depth of field. Anything behind or in front of the main focus point will appear blurred. A smaller aperture (larger f-number, e.g. f/11) has a greater depth of field. Objects within a certain range behind or in front of the main focus point will also appear sharp. This setup was used to produce the example below. A picture was taken of three postcards 0.7m apart using a 70mm telephoto lens which was focused on the first card. at a large aperture of f/2.4 only the first card is in focus, while at f/8 the last image also appear sharp.


Slide 35:Depth of Field When a lens focuses on a subject at a distance, all subjects at that distance are sharply focused. Subjects that are not at the same distance are out of focus and theoretically are not sharp. However, since human eyes cannot distinguish very small degree of unsharpness, some subjects that are in front of and behind the sharply focused subjects can still appear sharp. The zone of acceptable sharpness is referred to as the depth of field. Thus, increasing the depth of field increases the sharpness of an image. We can use smaller apertures for increasing the depth of field.


Rule Of Third In Landscape Photography :Rule Of Third In Landscape Photography While shooting landscape photographs, it's always preferable to shoot with a small aperture, so that all the area in the frame is sharply focused. Keep the rule of third in mind. It says that either the land or the sky should occupy 1/3rd of the space in the photograph and the other should occupy 2/3rd.


Slide 37:END OF DAY 1 Shutterspeed The shutterspeed determines how long the film or sensor is exposed to light. Normally this is achieved by a mechanical shutter between the lens and the film or sensor which opens and closes for a time period determined by the shutterspeed. For instance, a shutter speed of 1/125s will expose the sensor for 1/125th of a second. Shutterspeeds are expressed in fractions of seconds, typically as (approximate) multiples of 1/2, so that each higher shutterspeed halves the exposure by halving the exposure time: 1/2s, 1/4s, 1/8s, 1/15s, 1/30s, 1/60s, 1/125s, 1/250s, 1/500s, 1/1000s, 1/2000s, 1/4000s, 1/8000s, etc. Long exposure shutterspeeds are expressed in seconds, e.g. 8s, 4s, 2s, 1s. Taken in slow shutterspeed Taken in fast shutterspeed


Slide 38:This image was shot at 1/500s, freezing the splashing of the waves. Motion blur created by tracking the car with the camera and shooting at 1/125s.


Slide 39:AE LOCK Automatic Exposure lock is the ability to lock exposure settings (aperture and shutterspeed) calculated by the camera over a series of images. This setting is useful when shooting images which will be stitched together into a panorama because stitching is much easier if each image has the same exposure. Auto Bracketing Bracketing is a technique used to take a series of images of the same scene at a variety of different exposures that "bracket" the metered exposure. "Auto" simply means the camera will automatically take these exposures as a burst of 2, 3 or 5 frames with exposure settings of anything between 0.3 and 2.0 EV difference.


Slide 40:The extreme example above was taken with auto bracketing of 3 frames at -2.0 EV, -1.0 EV, 0. Thus, in this case without bracketing the camera would simply have shot the frame with an aperture of f/4.0 and a shutterspeed of 1/160s. f/7.1, 1/306s, -2.0 EV f/5.6, 1/224s, -1.0 EV f/4.0, 1/160s, 0 EV


Slide 41:Exposure Compensation The camera's metering system will sometimes determine the wrong exposure value needed to correctly expose the image. This can be corrected by the "EV Compensation" feature found in prosumer and professional cameras. Typically the EV compensation ranges from -2.0 EV to +2.0 EV with adjustments in steps of 0.5 or 0.3 EV. Some digital SLRs have wider EV compensation ranges, e.g. from -5.0 EV to +5.0 EV.It is important to understand that increasing the EV compensation by 1 is equivalent to reducing EV by 1 and will therefore double the amount of light. For instance if the camera's automatic mode determined you should be using an aperture of f/8 and a shutterspeed of 1/125s at ISO 100 (13 EV) and the resulting image appears underexposed (e.g. by looking at the histogram), applying a +1.0 EV exposure compensation will cause the camera to use a shutterspeed of 1/60s or an aperture of f/5.6 to allow for more light (12 EV).


Slide 42:Metering The metering system in a digital camera measures the amount of light in the scene and calculates the best-fit exposure value based on the metering mode explained below. Automatic exposure is a standard feature in all digital cameras. All you have to do is select the metering mode, point the camera and press the shutter release. Most of the time, this will result in a correct exposure. The metering method defines which information of the scene is used to calculate the exposure value and how it is determined.


Slide 43:Three Types of Metering Matrix or Evaluative Metering This is probably the most complex metering mode, offering the best exposure in most circumstances. Essentially, the scene is split up into a matrix of metering zones which are evaluated individually. The overall exposure is based on an algorithm specific to that camera, the details of which are closely guarded by the manufacturer. Often they are based on comparing the measurements to the exposure of typical scenes. Center-weighted Average Metering Probably the most common metering method implemented in nearly every digital camera and the default for those digital cameras which don't offer metering mode selection. This method averages the exposure of the entire frame but gives extra weight to the center and is ideal for portraits. Spot (Partial) Metering Spot metering allows you to meter the subject in the center of the frame (or on some cameras at the selected AF point). Only a small area of the whole frame is metered and the exposure of the rest of the frame is ignored. This type of metering is useful for brightly backlit, macro, and moon shots.


Slide 44:Accessories


Slide 45:Lighting Guide Lesson 3 Studio lighting is a science as well as an art.


Slide 46:The Three Point Lighting Technique is a standard method used in visual media such as video, film, still photography and computer-generated imagery. It is a simple but versatile system which forms the basis of most lighting. The technique uses three lights called the key light, fill light and back light. The Standard 3-Point Lighting Technique


Slide 47:Key Light This is the main light. It is usually the strongest and has the most influence on the look of the scene. It is placed to one side of the camera/subject so that this side is well lit and the other side has some shadow. Fill Light This is the secondary light and is placed on the opposite side of the key light. It is used to fill the shadows created by the key. The fill will usually be softer and less bright than the key. To achieve this, you could move the light further away or use some adjustment. Back Light The back light is placed behind the subject and lights it from the rear. Rather than providing direct lighting (like the key and fill), its purpose is to provide definition and subtle highlights around the subject's outlines. This helps separate the subject from the background and provide a three-dimensional look.


Broad-light Technique :Broad-light Technique A light that falls across the side of the face closest to the camera. When the subject’s face at an angle, this will be the side of the face that is most visible.


Short-light Technique :Short-light Technique Places the key light to fall on the portion of the subject’s face that is turned away from the camera. When the subject’s face is at an angle, this will be the side of the face that is least visible. It is characterized by the shadow that falls toward the camera.


Butterfly-light/Paramount Technique :Butterfly-light/Paramount Technique The most beautiful light for women. The key light is placed directly above the camera lens, and the light falls straight and full into the face. The shadow is under the nose which resembles a butterfly in flight. There should be two fill-light at the back at the same point to cast the shadow of the subject evenly.


Other Techniques :Other Techniques Side Lighting High Key-light Low Key-light One-light Glamour Silhouette Technique


“Depth of Light” :“Depth of Light” It means that, for every position of the source, whether it’s near or close at the subject, exposure is constant for a certain portion of the distance across the subject. The further the distance of the source from the subject, the more even exposure, front to back, across the subject. The closer you move the source to the subject, the faster the light will fall off. The “depth of light” will become shallow the closer you get.


Slide 53:Activity 4 Let us geared our motor running! Actual Equipment Handling


Slide 54:Activity 5 Let us geared our motor running! Tomorrow’s Task…


Slide 55:Good Luck!


Slide 56:Good Luck!