logging in or signing up plant response to environmental stress xelferreras Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2980 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: March 12, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description plant physiology lecture 31 Comments Posting comment... By: bkm1957 (3 month(s) ago) pl.send me copy of ppt. thanks email- mohantysir57@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: dey2 (15 month(s) ago) please e mail me a copy of this ppt in my email....albert_80@rediffmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kampglass (16 month(s) ago) Could you please e-mail me a copy of this PPT. I teaching all the Horticulture classes and this would really help. e-mail is glassm@ncat.edu Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Generalize Plant response to environmental factors : Generalize Plant response to environmental factors Lecture 31 Ma. Chrischelle Ferreras Objective: : Objective: To know the concept of biological stress and how plants generally respond to stressful conditions Slide 3: “Biological stress is not easily defined , but it implies adverse effects on an organism.” Biological stresses : Biological stresses adverse force or influence that tends to inhibit normal systems of functioning(Jones and Jones, 1989) Principal environmental stresses: : Principal environmental stresses: Biotic herbivores, insects pathogens, parasites Abiotic : Abiotic High temperature (heat) Low temperature (chilling, freezing) Excess water (flooding anoxia) Water deficit (drought, low water potential) Salinity Radiation (visible, ultraviolet) Chemical (pesticides, heavy metals, air pollutants) Slide 7: MECHANISMS : Plant stress responses Stress recognition Signal transduction Gene expression Altered cell metabolism Physiological and developmental response Plant response to stress : Plant response to stress Ephemeral plants germinate, grow, and flower very quickly following seasonal rains complete their life cycle during a period of adequate moisture and form dormant seeds before the onset of the dry season stress escapers Slide 9: Stress avoidance reduce the impact of a stress, even though the stress is present in the environment Alfalfa(Medicago sativa) Cactus Slide 10: Stress tolerance requires the plant to come to thermodynamic equilibrium with the stress internal conditions are in equilibrium with conditions outside of the plant Slide 11: Adaptation heritable modifications in structure or function which increases the fitness of the organism in the stressful environment Slide 12: Acclimation nonheritable physiological modifications that occur over the life of a plant hardening hardy Slide 13: Strategy manner in which a plant responds successfully to a particular stress Water stress : Water stress may arise through either an excess of water or a water deficit Water deficit stress Drought stress Dessication stress Slide 15: Plant membrane Photosynthesis Slide 16: Stomatal response Slide 17: Osmotic adjustment net increase in solute concentration due to metabolic processes triggered by stress sugarbeet cowpea Slide 18: Leaf area adjustment mechanism for reducing leaf area and transpiration during times of limited water availability Temperature stress : Temperature stress Chilling stress reduced leaf expansion, wilting, chlorosis Metabolic dysfunction Impaired protoplasmic streaming Reduced respiration Photosynthesis and protein synthesis Altered patterns of protein synthesis Slide 20: Corn Tomato Cucumber Soybean Cotton Banana Apple Potato Asparagus Slide 21: Freezing stress commonly encountered by tress and shrubs overwintering in north temperate, subarctic, and alpine regions Slide 22: High temperature stress Assuming a more vertical orientation of leaves Reflective leaf hairs Waxy surfaces Salt stress : Salt stress refers only to an excess in ions, particularly, but certainly not limited to, sodium and chlorine ions Halophytes -plants that grow in high-salt soils -salt regulators -salt glands Slide 24: Glycophytes - sensitive nonhalophytes - can tolerate very little salt Insects and disease : Insects and disease Phytoalexins Synthesized by plants to help ward off insects and disease Hypersensitive reactions biosynthesis of secondary metabolites that serve to isolate and limit the spread of the invading pathogen and necrotic lesions at the site of invasion commonly activated by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematode that occurs principally in plants outside specificity range Slide 26: Avirulence gene a gene that encodes any determinant of the specificity of the interaction with the host Systemic acquired resistance a phenomenon in which plants react to the initial infection by slowly developing a general immune capacity Jasmonates mediate insect and disease resistance Environmental pollutants : Environmental pollutants Heavy metals Cadmium Lead Arsenic Copper Nickel Zinc Slide 30: Accumulator species plants that take up metals and accumulate them to levels that would be lethal to nontolerant species Astragalus Stanleya pinata Slide 31: Air pollution Ozone CO₂ CO SO₂ Nitrogen oxides You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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plant response to environmental stress xelferreras Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2980 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: March 12, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description plant physiology lecture 31 Comments Posting comment... By: bkm1957 (3 month(s) ago) pl.send me copy of ppt. thanks email- mohantysir57@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: dey2 (15 month(s) ago) please e mail me a copy of this ppt in my email....albert_80@rediffmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kampglass (16 month(s) ago) Could you please e-mail me a copy of this PPT. I teaching all the Horticulture classes and this would really help. e-mail is glassm@ncat.edu Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Generalize Plant response to environmental factors : Generalize Plant response to environmental factors Lecture 31 Ma. Chrischelle Ferreras Objective: : Objective: To know the concept of biological stress and how plants generally respond to stressful conditions Slide 3: “Biological stress is not easily defined , but it implies adverse effects on an organism.” Biological stresses : Biological stresses adverse force or influence that tends to inhibit normal systems of functioning(Jones and Jones, 1989) Principal environmental stresses: : Principal environmental stresses: Biotic herbivores, insects pathogens, parasites Abiotic : Abiotic High temperature (heat) Low temperature (chilling, freezing) Excess water (flooding anoxia) Water deficit (drought, low water potential) Salinity Radiation (visible, ultraviolet) Chemical (pesticides, heavy metals, air pollutants) Slide 7: MECHANISMS : Plant stress responses Stress recognition Signal transduction Gene expression Altered cell metabolism Physiological and developmental response Plant response to stress : Plant response to stress Ephemeral plants germinate, grow, and flower very quickly following seasonal rains complete their life cycle during a period of adequate moisture and form dormant seeds before the onset of the dry season stress escapers Slide 9: Stress avoidance reduce the impact of a stress, even though the stress is present in the environment Alfalfa(Medicago sativa) Cactus Slide 10: Stress tolerance requires the plant to come to thermodynamic equilibrium with the stress internal conditions are in equilibrium with conditions outside of the plant Slide 11: Adaptation heritable modifications in structure or function which increases the fitness of the organism in the stressful environment Slide 12: Acclimation nonheritable physiological modifications that occur over the life of a plant hardening hardy Slide 13: Strategy manner in which a plant responds successfully to a particular stress Water stress : Water stress may arise through either an excess of water or a water deficit Water deficit stress Drought stress Dessication stress Slide 15: Plant membrane Photosynthesis Slide 16: Stomatal response Slide 17: Osmotic adjustment net increase in solute concentration due to metabolic processes triggered by stress sugarbeet cowpea Slide 18: Leaf area adjustment mechanism for reducing leaf area and transpiration during times of limited water availability Temperature stress : Temperature stress Chilling stress reduced leaf expansion, wilting, chlorosis Metabolic dysfunction Impaired protoplasmic streaming Reduced respiration Photosynthesis and protein synthesis Altered patterns of protein synthesis Slide 20: Corn Tomato Cucumber Soybean Cotton Banana Apple Potato Asparagus Slide 21: Freezing stress commonly encountered by tress and shrubs overwintering in north temperate, subarctic, and alpine regions Slide 22: High temperature stress Assuming a more vertical orientation of leaves Reflective leaf hairs Waxy surfaces Salt stress : Salt stress refers only to an excess in ions, particularly, but certainly not limited to, sodium and chlorine ions Halophytes -plants that grow in high-salt soils -salt regulators -salt glands Slide 24: Glycophytes - sensitive nonhalophytes - can tolerate very little salt Insects and disease : Insects and disease Phytoalexins Synthesized by plants to help ward off insects and disease Hypersensitive reactions biosynthesis of secondary metabolites that serve to isolate and limit the spread of the invading pathogen and necrotic lesions at the site of invasion commonly activated by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematode that occurs principally in plants outside specificity range Slide 26: Avirulence gene a gene that encodes any determinant of the specificity of the interaction with the host Systemic acquired resistance a phenomenon in which plants react to the initial infection by slowly developing a general immune capacity Jasmonates mediate insect and disease resistance Environmental pollutants : Environmental pollutants Heavy metals Cadmium Lead Arsenic Copper Nickel Zinc Slide 30: Accumulator species plants that take up metals and accumulate them to levels that would be lethal to nontolerant species Astragalus Stanleya pinata Slide 31: Air pollution Ozone CO₂ CO SO₂ Nitrogen oxides