Ancient China

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By: padre (36 month(s) ago)

hello Woodstockwishes. Your presentation is great and very much helpful in making ancient china (civilization) alive in the lives specially students of Asian Civilization. could you send it to me by E-mail? (rodrigolofredo@yahoo.com) Thanks.

 

By: claire.yang (38 month(s) ago)

I am a second grade teacher. Ancient China is part of our curriculum. Could you please let me download this presentation to be used in my school? Claire

 

By: timrau (42 month(s) ago)

Hi Woodstockwishes, Your presentation 'Ancient China' is really greatr. Could yu send it to me by E-Mail ? timrau1@web.de

Presentation Transcript

Contents: 

Contents Government Law and Courts Writing Art Religion Architecture Economics Technology

Government: 

Government

Overview: 

Overview Definition: Ruling family that passed control from generation to generation The family was believed to possess the “Mandate of Heaven.” The Chinese people believed that their gods had given them the right to rule. If the dynasty became weak, people stopped supporting them; they believed that they had lost the Mandate of Heaven.

The Shang Dynasty: 

The Shang Dynasty 1766-1040 bce First dynasty to have written records Developments: 30-day lunar calendar Agricultural economy Bronze artistry

Chou Dynasty: 

Chou Dynasty 1040-256 bce Semi-nomadic people who overthrew Shangs Developments: Feudal system Extraction of iron from rocks Structural development

Age of Warring States: 

Age of Warring States Between Chou and Ch’in dynasties Nobles gained more power as Chou dynasty became weaker Two parties tried to gain control: Confucius Legalists

Ch’in Dynasty: 

Ch’in Dynasty 221-206 bce Stabilized China after Age of Warring States Influenced by legalists Developments: Weights and measures system Irrigation

Han Dynasty: 

Han Dynasty 206 bce-220 ce Influenced by Confucianism Developments: Paper Written history of land Chinese people first learned of Buddhism

Minor Dynasties: 

Minor Dynasties Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties unified China Yuan dynasty encouraged Westerners to travel to China Ming dynasty led by Buddhist monk and army of peasants; overthrew Yuan

Qing/Manchu Dynasty: 

Qing/Manchu Dynasty 1644-1911 ce Unable to stop China from being overrun by foreigners People believed that dynasty had lost Mandate of Heaven; began to support Nationalists

Law and Courts: 

Law and Courts

Overview: 

Overview In ancient China, there were very few set laws Laws were mostly “declared” by figures of authority whenever necessary

Writing: 

Writing

Overview: 

Overview Five main stages of Chinese writing Ancient system that has changed very little throughout last 3500 years

Jiaguwen: 

Jiaguwen Translation: “Oracle Bone Script” Pictographic symbols etched on turtle shells and animal bones Used for divination in royal courts

Dazhuan: 

Dazhuan Translation: “Greater Seal” Time of use overlapped with Jiaguwen Writing etched on bronze vessels rather than bones

Xiaozhuan: 

Xiaozhuan Translation: “Lesser Seal” Much like modern Chinese script Less pictographic than earlier Less angular than modern-day Still used for calligraphy and seals

Lishu: 

Lishu Translation: “Clerkly Script” Used by government bureaucrats to take notes during court

Kaishu: 

Kaishu Translation: “Standard Script” Widely used in modern-day China

Art: 

Art

Jade: 

Jade Believed to have magical properties Used to preserve dead

Bronze: 

Bronze Used to make ritual vessels Also used for common items: Pots Bells Mirrors Weapons

Silk: 

Silk Silk production unique to China Kept methods secret Silk coveted in many areas of world

Ceramics: 

Ceramics Chinese kilns very advanced Ceramics of very high quality Perfected during Shang dynasty

Religion: 

Religion

Taoism: 

Taoism Translation: “The path”, or “The way” Encourages followers to Achieve Tao Develop virtues Time cyclical

Confucianism: 

Confucianism Confucius Chinese philosopher Believed that problem with government was abandonment of tradition Uses of Confucianism Education Citizenship Government servitude

Buddhism: 

Buddhism Siddarta Gautana founder Called “Enlightened One”, or “Buddha” Goals To throw off self-interest To achieve Nirvana, or absence of suffering

Architecture: 

Architecture

Structure: 

Structure Horizon emphasized Buildings symmetrical Roofs Different designs had significance Curvedwarded off evil spirits Rafterssign of wealth

Materials: 

Materials Red or gray brick Wood Held up in earthquakes Vulnerable to fire

Privileges: 

Privileges Houses of common people Shrine for ancestors and gods Elders’ bedrooms in middle of house Wings for “junior members,” kitchens, living areas Some aspects of architecture reserved for upper class Rafters Yellow roof tiles

Religious Buildings: 

Religious Buildings Completely symmetrical Structure Front hall Great hall Rooms for devotees

Economics: 

Economics

Goods: 

Goods Citizens farmed wheat and rice Fishing was another food source Land irrigated

Trade: 

Trade Traders traveled west on Silk Road Uzbekistan Turkestan South to India

Money: 

Money Two types: Cowrie shells—Shang dynasty Paper money—Sung dynasty

Technology: 

Technology

Major Inventions: 

Major Inventions Compass Gunpowder Papermaking Printing

Medical Advances: 

Medical Advances Acupuncture Herbal remedies

Irrigation: 

Irrigation Dujiangyan Irrigation System Constructed in 256 bce Still supplies water Chain pumps hauled water Water provided for Palace gardens Residents Farmers

Military: 

Military

Weapons: 

Weapons Made of bronze or iron Iron extracted from rocks starting with Chou dynasty

Defense: 

Defense Chou dynasty Walls built around cities Ming dynasty Great Wall of China perfected

Great Wall of China: 

Great Wall of China Successful because of materials Mongol raids encouraged an even stronger structure When Manchus seized Beijing, Qing dynasty established

Shang Dynasty: 

Shang Dynasty Particularly military-oriented Strong system, large army Defensive structures and elaborate tombs constructed

THE END: 

THE END