logging in or signing up Ch 4: NT and Drug Action wessellr Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 339 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: December 05, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: How Neurons Send and Receive Signals Chapter 4 Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission Small-Molecule Neurotransmitters : Small-Molecule Neurotransmitters Amino acids – the building blocks of proteins Monoamines – all synthesized from a single amino acid Acetylcholine (Ach) – activity terminated by enzymatic degradation Unconventional neurotransmitters – soluble gases and endacannabinoids Amino Acid Neurotransmitters : Amino Acid Neurotransmitters Usually found at fast-acting directed synapses in the CNS Glutamate – Most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS GABA Synthesized from glutamate Most prevalent inhibitory NT in the CNS Aspartate and glycine Monoamines : Monoamines Effects tend to be diffuse Catecholamines – synthesized from tyrosine Dopamine Norepinephrine Epinephrine Indolamines – synthesized from tryptophan Serotonin Soluble Gases and Ach : Soluble Gases and Ach Soluble gases – exist only briefly Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide Retrograde transmission – backwards communication Acetylcholine (Ach) Acetyl group + choline Neuromuscular junction Neuropeptides : Neuropeptides Large molecules Example – endorphins “Endogenous opioids” Produce analgesia (pain suppression) Receptors were identified before the natural ligand was Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission : Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission Many drugs act to alter neurotransmitter activity Agonists – increase or facilitate activity Antagonists – decrease or inhibit activity A drug may act to alter neurotransmitter activity at any point in its “life cycle” Agonists – Two examples : Agonists – Two examples Cocaine – catecholamine agonist Blocks reuptake – preventing the activity of the neurotransmitter from being “turned off” Benzodiazepines – GABA agonists Binds to the GABA molecule and increases the binding of GABA Antagonists – Two examples (continued) : Antagonists – Two examples (continued) Atropine – Ach antagonist Binds and blocks muscarinic receptors Many of these metabotropic receptors are in the brain High doses disrupt memory Curare – Ach antagonist Bind and blocks nicotinic receptors, the ionotropic receptors at the neuromuscular junction Causes paralysis Daily Quiz 4 : Daily Quiz 4 Explain how neural communication occurs. Include a diagram that contains the major steps of an action potential and a description of how synaptic transmission occurs. Daily Quiz 4 : Daily Quiz 4 50% for drawing a diagram that illustrates the mechanisms of an action potential 50% for explaining the steps of synaptic transmission You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Ch 4: NT and Drug Action wessellr Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 339 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: December 05, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: How Neurons Send and Receive Signals Chapter 4 Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission Small-Molecule Neurotransmitters : Small-Molecule Neurotransmitters Amino acids – the building blocks of proteins Monoamines – all synthesized from a single amino acid Acetylcholine (Ach) – activity terminated by enzymatic degradation Unconventional neurotransmitters – soluble gases and endacannabinoids Amino Acid Neurotransmitters : Amino Acid Neurotransmitters Usually found at fast-acting directed synapses in the CNS Glutamate – Most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS GABA Synthesized from glutamate Most prevalent inhibitory NT in the CNS Aspartate and glycine Monoamines : Monoamines Effects tend to be diffuse Catecholamines – synthesized from tyrosine Dopamine Norepinephrine Epinephrine Indolamines – synthesized from tryptophan Serotonin Soluble Gases and Ach : Soluble Gases and Ach Soluble gases – exist only briefly Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide Retrograde transmission – backwards communication Acetylcholine (Ach) Acetyl group + choline Neuromuscular junction Neuropeptides : Neuropeptides Large molecules Example – endorphins “Endogenous opioids” Produce analgesia (pain suppression) Receptors were identified before the natural ligand was Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission : Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission Many drugs act to alter neurotransmitter activity Agonists – increase or facilitate activity Antagonists – decrease or inhibit activity A drug may act to alter neurotransmitter activity at any point in its “life cycle” Agonists – Two examples : Agonists – Two examples Cocaine – catecholamine agonist Blocks reuptake – preventing the activity of the neurotransmitter from being “turned off” Benzodiazepines – GABA agonists Binds to the GABA molecule and increases the binding of GABA Antagonists – Two examples (continued) : Antagonists – Two examples (continued) Atropine – Ach antagonist Binds and blocks muscarinic receptors Many of these metabotropic receptors are in the brain High doses disrupt memory Curare – Ach antagonist Bind and blocks nicotinic receptors, the ionotropic receptors at the neuromuscular junction Causes paralysis Daily Quiz 4 : Daily Quiz 4 Explain how neural communication occurs. Include a diagram that contains the major steps of an action potential and a description of how synaptic transmission occurs. Daily Quiz 4 : Daily Quiz 4 50% for drawing a diagram that illustrates the mechanisms of an action potential 50% for explaining the steps of synaptic transmission