Cellular_Respiration[1]

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Cellular Respiration : 

Cellular Respiration BIOLOGY

Cellular Respiration : 

Cellular Respiration Aerobic (requires oxygen) A cellular process that requires oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Most often involves breaking down glucose to make CO2, H2O, and ATP.

Glycolysis : 

Glycolysis Occurs in cytosol. Energy within a glucose is released slowly. Costs 2 ATP to start. (-2) Makes 4 ATP. (+4) Net gain of 2 ATP. (=2) Reactants – glucose Products – pyruvic acid, NADH & ATP

The Krebs cycle : 

The Krebs cycle Reactants – Pyruvate, NAD+, FAD Has 8 steps with 8 different enzymes. Products – 2 ATP, NADH, FADH2 Occurs in matrix of mitochondria

Electron Transport System : 

Electron Transport System As electrons pass down the electron transport system, energy is captured and ATP is produced. The total of 32-34 ATP produced by ETS is calculated by allowing 3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2 that enter the ETS. Occurs on the inner membrane folds of mitochondria

Figure 9.5 An introduction to electron transport chains : 

Figure 9.5 An introduction to electron transport chains

Chemiosmosis couples the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis : 

Chemiosmosis couples the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis Yellow arrow = electron flow Red arrow = proton flow to form ATP

Figure 9.14 ATP synthase, a molecular mill : 

Figure 9.14 ATP synthase, a molecular mill

Slide 9: 

Cellular Respiration Summary

Fermentation : 

Fermentation Glycolysis followed by reduction of pyruvate to either lactate or alcohol & CO2 Anaerobic (no oxygen) Can provide rapid burst of ATP. Yields only 2 ATP

Fermentation : 

Fermentation Alcohol--yeast produce wine and beer and cause bread to rise. Lactic Acid—bacteria produce yogurt, sauerkraut, cheese. Also in muscle cells when working anaerobically.

Comparison of Cellular Respiration versus Fermentation : 

Comparison of Cellular Respiration versus Fermentation One mole of glucose yields 686 kcal. Cellular respiration - 263/686 = 38% of available energy is used. Fermentation - 15/686 or 2% of available energy.

The Formulas : 

The Formulas Cellular Respiration 6O2 + C6H12O6 ? 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Long term, continuous use of energy Lactic Acid Fermentation pyruvic acid + NADH ? lactic acid + NAD+ Short spurts of energy in emergency situations then muscle fatigue and cramps Alcoholic Fermentation pyruvic acid + NADh ? alcohol + CO2 + NAD+