OO PRESENTATION1

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Introduction to Object Orientation PRESENTATIONS BY:

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Definisi Introduction to Object Orientation Teknik berasaskan model yang menggabungkan data dan proses di dalam satu konstruk yang dipanggil sebagai objek. teknik ini memperkenalkan diagram objek yang memodelkan sistem dalam bentuk objek dan interaksinya . Model ini menggambarkan objek sistem daripada pelbagai perspektif sama ada struktur atau kelakuan (behaviour).

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Introduction to Object Orientation Definisi cont... Teknik analisa berorientasikan objek digunakan untuk: mengkaji objek yang sedia ada bagi menentukan sama ada objek-objek ini boleh digunapakai atau diadaptasi untuk kegunaan yang lain. Mengenalpasti objek baru atau yang telah diubahsuai untuk digabungkan dengan objek yang sedia ada di dalam aplikasi sistem. Pendekatan berorientasikan objek menggunakan metodologi & notasi diagram yang berbeza dgn model data & proses.

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Introduction to Object Orientation Konsep Object Class Attribute Operation Interface (Polymorphism) Component Package Subsystem Relationships

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Introduction to Object Orientation istilah object Informally, an object represents an entity, either physical, conceptual, or software Physical entity car Conceptual entity Software entity

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Introduction to Object Orientation Object cont… An object is a concept, abstraction, or thing with sharp boundaries and meaning for an application An object is something that has: State Behavior Identity A More Formal Definition:

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Introduction to Object Orientation Representing object An object is represented as rectangles with underlined names : Professor Class Name Only ProfessorSuraya Object Name Only ProfessorSuraya: Professor Class and Object Name X + y = 12

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Introduction to Object Orientation Class A class is a description of a group of objects with common properties (attributes), behavior (operations), relationships, and semantics An object is an instance of a class A class is an abstraction in that it: Emphasizes relevant characteristics Suppresses other characteristics

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Introduction to Object Orientation Class cont… Properties Name Location Days offered Credit hours Start time End time Class Course Behavior Add a student Delete a student Get course roster Determine if it is full x + y = 12

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Introduction to Object Orientation Representing class A class is represented using a compartmented rectangle professor Professor Suraya

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Introduction to Object Orientation Class compartments A class is comprised of three sections The first section contains the class name The second section shows the structure (attributes) The third section shows the behavior (operations)

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Introduction to Object Orientation Classes of Objects How many classes do you see?

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Introduction to Object Orientation The Relationship Between Classes and Objects A class is an abstract definition of an object It defines the structure and behavior of each object in the class It serves as a template for creating objects Objects are grouped into classes Objects Professor Class

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Introduction to Object Orientation Attribute Class Attribute Object Attribute Value

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Introduction to Object Orientation What is an Operation? Class Operation

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Introduction to Object Orientation (Polymorphism) The ability to hide many different implementations behind a single interface OO Principle:Encapsulation

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Introduction to Object Orientation Interface Interfaces formalize polymorphism Interfaces support “plug-and-play” architectures Realization relationship

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Introduction to Object Orientation Component A non-trivial, nearly independent, and replaceable part of a system that fulfills a clear function in the context of a well-defined architecture A component may be A source code component A run time components or An executable component OO Principle:Encapsulation Source File Name <<EXE>> Executable Name

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Introduction to Object Orientation package A package is a general purpose mechanism for organizing elements into groups A model element which can contain other model elements Uses Organize the model under development A unit of configuration management Package Name OO Principle:Modularity

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Introduction to Object Orientation Subsystem A combination of a package (can contain other model elements) and a class (has behavior) Realizes one or more interfaces which

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Association Aggregation Composition (mengarang, mengubah) Dependency Generalization Realization Introduction to Object Orientation Relationship

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Introduction to Object Orientation Mengapa pendekatan berorientasikan objek A single paradigm Facilitates architectural and code reuse Models more closely reflect the real world More accurately describe corporate data and processes Decomposed based on natural partitioning Easier to understand and maintain Stability A small change in requirements does not mean massive changes in the system under development

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Introduction to Object Orientation Revolusi pendekatan berorientasikan objek • Object Oriented revolution did not come out of a vacuum • Hundreds of small experimental languages • Rely on lessons learned from lesser-known languages – C++ grew out of C, Simula, and other languages – Java grew out of C++, Eiffel, SmallTalk, Objective C, and Cedar/Mesa1 • Depend on results from research community

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Introduction to Object Orientation Revolusi pendekatan berorientasikan objek Object Oriented Languages • Ada95 • C++ • C# • ColdFusion • Common Lisp • COOL (ObjectOriented COBOL) • Fortran 2003 • Java • Perl 5 • PHP • Visual Basic • Visual FoxPro • Visual Prolog

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Introduction to Object Orientation Metodologi pendekatan berorientasikan objek A specification of process through which sofware can be developed A set of generic sofware development techniques together with set of guidelines defining how and when those techniques should be applied

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Introduction to Object Orientation Metodologi pendekatan berorientasikan objek What should an OO Methodology do? Define Project roles Sofware lifecycle Deliverables to be created Standards for documenting those deliverables Techniques for creating those deliverables Dependencies among deliverables Ensure consistent application of techniques Facilitate staff transitions between phase and projects

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Introduction to Object Orientation Metodologi pendekatan berorientasikan objek Provide An experience base in the folllowing areas : Estimating guidelines and templets Techniques for analyzing models Depth of coverage for life cycle phases Guidance for : Object-Oriented Applications Distributed Object Applications Quality examples Stress iterative and incremental development

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Introduction to Object Orientation Metodologi pendekatan berorientasikan objek PROCESS Management needs predictability Essential for : Team organization and assignments Incremental build plans Risk mitigation Proactive management Development team thrives on creativity Essential for creation of solutions Innovative Unique

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Introduction to Object Orientation Metodologi pendekatan berorientasikan objek Problem – Need to establish a balance between these two extremes Answer – Distinguish the macro/micro elements of the development process Macro Development Process Micro Development Process Macro Process - Represents the project manager’s needs - Controlling framework for the micro process - Time frame measured in week/months Micro Process - Represent the development team’s needs - Carries on throughout the macro process, but each iteration has a different emphasis depending upon the project’s current macro process - Time frame measured in week/days