FORENSIC SCIENCE PROJECT BY RAKSHANDA PALANDE

Science project :

Science project FORENSIC SCIENCE

Participants Names:

Participants Names Dakshata Patil & Rakshanda Palande

INDEX:

INDEX Slide 1 : Project Name. Slide 2 : Participants Name. Slide 3 : Index. Slide 4 : What is Forensic Science. Slide 5 : History. Slide 6 : Controversies. Slide 7 : Human Identification. Slide 8 : DNA Based Techniques. Slide 9 : Computer Forensic. Slide 10 : Comparison Microscope.

Introduction:

Introduction The world has become an easier and more comfortable place to live in due to science. We live healthier and longer lives due to the advances made in science. Our recreation and leisure-time activities also depend largely on science. So long as man utilizes these wonders for the benefit of himself and his fellowmen, science remains a miracle of modern times. Man may misuse this miracle. But then that is not the fault of science. It is the fault of man.

WHAT IS FORENSIC SCIENCE :

WHAT IS FORENSIC SCIENCE A crime or bad act has been committed. The result is a crime scene. The evidence from that crime scene is measured, photographed and collected so that the objects, artifacts or trace can be analyzed in a laboratory setting by forensic scientists. Now you may ask : “What is the difference between a regular scientist and a forensic scientist ?” The answer is that if a scientist is to be named a “forensic scientist,” the result of what he or she does will be used in a court of law; whereas, a regular scientist may be doing research for a commercial business enterprise or a university. Forensic science is dedicated to working for the legal system. A forensic scientist often must use forensic scientist methods to prove the innocence or guilt of a suspected criminal. Today forensic scientist have state-of-art technologies to help them solve cases, including computer facial reconstruction and DNA finger printing.

History:

History Modern forensic science dates back to 1776 when Carl Wilhelm Scheele of Sweden began using his knowledge of chemistry to find traces of arsenics in deed bodies. The field swiftly blossomed into an investigative science. Valentine Ross of Germany and James Marsh of Britain both were able to detect traces of poison in dead bodies. Forensic science solved its first murder case in the early 1800s.

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Questions about forensic science, fingerprint evidence and the assumption behind these disciplines have been brought to light in some publications, the latest being an article in the New York Post . The article stated that "No one has proved even the basic assumption: That everyone's fingerprint is unique. " The article also stated that "Now such assumptions are being questioned -- and with it may come a radical change in how forensic science is used by police departments and prosecutors."[ United States in their decision. Writing for the majority, Justice Antonin Scalia referenced the National Research Council report in his assertion that "Forensic evidence is not uniquely immune from the risk of manipulation." Controversies

Human Identification:

Human Identification People can be identified by their fingerprints . This assertion is supported by the philosophy of friction ridge identification, which states that "Friction ridge identification is established through the agreement of friction ridge formations, in sequence, having sufficient uniqueness to individualize". Friction ridges develop on the fetus in their definitive form prior to birth. Friction ridges are persistent throughout life except for permanent scarring, disease or decomposition after death. Friction ridge paths and the details in small areas of friction ridges are unique and never repeated. People can also be identified from traces of their DNA by DNA fingerprinting , from their teeth or bite by forensic deontology , from a photograph or a video recording by facial recognition systems , from the video recording of their walk by gait analysis , from an audio recording by voice analysis , from their handwriting by handwriting analysis , from the content of their writings by their writing style (e.g. typical phrases, factual bias, and/or misspellings of words), or from other traces using other biometric techniques. Body identification is a subfield of forensics concerned with identify someone from their remains.

DNA Based Techniques :

DNA Based Techniques DNA based evidence is perhaps one of the strongest linking tools that law enforcement investigators have at their disposal. DNA evidence can definitively link a suspect to either a crime scene or victim. Nuclear DNA evidence has been recovered from blood , semen , saliva , skin cells and hair . Furthermore Mitochondrial DNA can be recovered from both bone and teeth dating back thousands of years. Laboratory analysis of DNA evidence generally involves the sample being amplified and quantified by a form of the Polymerase chain reaction known as Quantitative PCR . Forensic anthropology : Forensic anthropology the identification and recovery of remains Forensic botany : Forensic botanists look to plant life in order to gain information regarding possible crimes. Forensic ornithology : Bird remains can be identified, first and foremost from feathers. Forensic deontology : Deontologists or dentists can be used in order to aid in an identification of degraded remains. DNA can also be extracted from animals and used to at least identify the species, for example bird or bat remains on an airplane or wind turbine.

Computer Forensics:

Computer Forensics Computer forensics (sometimes computer forensic science [ is a branch of digital forensic science pertaining to legal evidence found in computers and digital storage media. The goal of computer forensics is to explain the current state of a digital artifact ; such as a computer system, storage medium (e.g. hard disk or CD-ROM ), an electronic document (e.g. an email message or JPEG image ).The scope of a forensic analysis can vary from simple information Forensic process Main article: Digital forensic process A portable Tableau write-blocker attached to a Hard Drive Computer forensic investigations usually follow the standard digital forensic process.Traditionally investigations are performed on static data (i.e. acquired images ) rather than "live" systems. Investigators were told to shut down computer systems when they were impounded for fear that digital time-bombs might cause data to be erased.[ citation needed ] The discipline relies on the fact that that most operating systems and file systems do not always delete physical file data, allowing it to be reconstructed. retrieval to reconstructing a series of events.

Slide 11:

A comparison microscope is a device used to analyze side-by-side specimens. It consists of two microscopes connected by an optical bridge, which results in a split view window enabling two separate objects to be viewed simultaneously. This avoids the observer having to rely on memory when comparing two objects . During the 1960s there were proposals to computerize the process of microscopic comparisons of fired ammunition components, but at that time neither the software nor the hardware existed to implement the theories. By the 1980s high-capacity computer systems adapted to the requirements of digital imaging . Comparison Microscope

Thank you:

Thank you THE END