Basic NT History

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Pre-History : 

History 1 Pre-History Exodus ca. 1300 B.C.E. Moses & Torah Monarchy ca. 1000 B.C.E. David Divided Kingdom Prophets Exile ca. 587 B.C.E. Monotheism Return ca. 540-(440) B.C.E. Apocalypticism

History in Brief : 

History 2 History in Brief Alexander’s Death -- 323 B.C.E. The Maccabees The Maccabean Revolt -- 168-167 B.C.E. The Hasmonean Dynasty -- 164-63 B.C.E. Rome Takes Over -- 63 B.C.E. Caesar Augustus -- 27 B.C. E. Jewish Rebellion (66-73 C.E.) The Destruction of the Temple -- 70 C.E. Academy at Yavneh -- 90 C.E. Bar Kochba Rebellion -- 132-135 C.E.

Basic NT History : 

Basic NT History NT301: Introduction to the New Testament History 3

Alexander the Great : 

History 4 Alexander the Great The Advent of Hellenism Spread of Greek Language and Culture Religious Syncretism

Alexander’s Empire : 

History 5 Alexander’s Empire

The Maccabees : 

History 6 The Maccabees The Background Simon (Zadokite) High Priest Onias III (Zadokite) High Priest leaned toward Egypt Jason (Zadokite; brother of Onias) supported by Antiochus Epiphanes IV reconstituted Jerusalem as Greek city -- Antioch YHWH = “Zeus Olympius”

The Crisis : 

History 7 The Crisis 172 B.C.E. Menelaus expels Jason NOT a Zadokite rise of Hasidim 169-168 B.C.E. Antiochus Epiphanes raids Temple Treasury conservatives took Jerusalem and locked up Menelaus

The Crisis continues : 

History 8 The Crisis continues Antiochus retaliates and captures Jerusalem murdered or expelled Jews Jerusalem becomes katoikia outlawed Jewish religion Temple dedicated to Zeus Baal Shamayin “Abomination of Desolation” see 1 Macc. 1:54; Dan. 11:31; 12:11

The War : 

History 9 The War Judas Maccabeus (=“the hammer”) leads the guerilla warfare from 168-164 B.C.E. Temple restored in 162 B.C.E. Hannukah Menelaus is executed by 152 Jonathan (Judas’ brother) is installed as ruling High Priest See 2 Maccabees 11

The Hasmonean Kingdom : 

History 10 The Hasmonean Kingdom Jonathan -- 152-143 B.C.E. Simon (brother of Jonathan) -- 143-134 B.C.E. Political Independence in 142 B.C.E. John Hyrcanus (Simon’s son) -- 134-104 B.C.E. Alexander Janneus (son) -- 104-78 B.C.E. Alexandra -- (widow) 76-67 B.C.E. Hyrcanus II & Aristobulus II (sons) ENDS with POMPEY in 63 B.C.E.

Key Issues in Hasmonean Period : 

History 11 Key Issues in Hasmonean Period Goals of Hasmonean Rulers/High Priests Expansion of Empire Force inhabitants of Greek cities to emigrate or convert to Judaism Continuing struggle with Hellenization Qumran community withdrew to wilderness Simon = “the evil priest” Pharisees revolted in 94 B.C.E., which resulted in 6 years of civil war ruling party during reign of Alexandra

Rome Takes Over : 

History 12 Rome Takes Over Pompey -- 63 B.C.E. Herod “the Great” (= Antipater) 40 B.C.E. builder good administrator paranoid the “Slaughter of the Innocents” Caesar Augustus 27 B.C.E. -- 1st Emperor of Rome Imperator Caesar divi filius Augustus Pax Romana

The Roman Empire : 

History 13 The Roman Empire

Roman Palestineunder the Sons of Herod (4 B.C.E. - 39 C.E.) : 

History 14 Roman Palestineunder the Sons of Herod (4 B.C.E. - 39 C.E.) Herod Antipas Galilee and Peraea “that fox” Archelaus Judea, Samaria, and Idumea Removed by Romans in 6 C.E. Thereafter ruled by Procurators (=Pilate) Philip extreme N and NE built Caesarea Philippi

The Temple Destroyed : 

History 15 The Temple Destroyed Ruling Procurator expropriated Temple treasury (66 C.E.) Jewish rebellion ensued Titus marched on Jerusalem in 70 C.E. and Destroyed the Temple Masada, the last Judean fortress, fell in 73 Other rebellions 115-117 C.E. 132 C.E.

Key Terms and Dates : 

History 16 Key Terms and Dates Exodus-Monarch-Exile-Return Alexander the Great Maccabees/Hasmoneans Antiochus Epiphanes Abomination of Desolation Maccabean Revolt (162 B.C.E.) 63 B.C.E. 70 C.E. Herod the Great Herod Antipas Caesar Augustus