Biological effects of radiation

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MADE BY VINIT GAURE, BIOMEDICAL ENGINEER , NIT RAIPUR

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Biological Effects of radiation:

Biological Effects of radiation Made by Vinit gaure 8 th sem Biomedical Branch NIT RAIPUR

Topics:

Topics INTRODUCTION CAUSES CELLULAR DAMAGE DIRECT EFFECT INDIRECT EFFECT RADIATION EFFECT HIGH DOSES EFFECT OTHER HIGH DOSES EFFECT ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME LOW DOSE EFFECTS LOW DOSE EFFFECTS CATEGORIES GENETIC EFFECTS SOMATIC EFFECTS IN-UTERO EFFECT RADIATION RISK

CAUSES:

CAUSES

CELLULAR DAMAGE:

CELLULAR DAMAGE There are two mechanisms by which radiation ultimately affects cells. (1) Direct effect (2) Indirect effect

DIRECT EFFECT:

DIRECT EFFECT

INDIRECT EFFECT:

INDIRECT EFFECT When free radicals produced by the interaction of radiation with water molecules act on a vital molecule such as DNA, the damaging action of the ionisation radiation is indirect.

RADIATION EFFECTS:

RADIATION EFFECTS High doses Low doses

HIGH DOSES EFFECTS:

HIGH DOSES EFFECTS Acute Kill many cells Tissue and organs are damaged Leads to whole body response called as acute radiation syndrome

HIGH DOSES EFFECTS:

HIGH DOSES EFFECTS RADIATION DOSE EFFECT OBSERVED 15-25 Blood count changes in a group of people 50 Blood count changes in an individual 100 vomiting 150 Death

OTHER HIGH DOSE EFFECTS:

OTHER HIGH DOSE EFFECTS Skin Burns Hair Loss Sterility Cataracts

ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME:

ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME Hematopoietic Gastrointestinal Central Nervous System

ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME:

ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME SYNDROME ORGANS AFFECTED SENSITIVITY Hematopoietic Blood forming organs Most sensitive Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal system Very sensitive C.N.S. Brain and muscles Least sensitive

LOW DOSES EFFECT:

LOW DOSES EFFECT Chronic Damage cell Long period of time Effect occurs at cellular level

LOW DOSE EFFECT CATEGORIES:

LOW DOSE EFFECT CATEGORIES Genetic Somatic In- Utero

GENETIC EFFECTS:

GENETIC EFFECTS Mutation of the reproductive cells passed on to the offspring of the exposed individual

SOMATIC EFFECTS:

SOMATIC EFFECTS Effect is suffered by the individual exposed Primary consequence is cancer

IN-UTERO EFFECTS:

IN-UTERO EFFECTS Effects of radiation on embryo/ fetus Intrauterine Death Growth Retardation Developmental Abnormalities Childhood Cancers

IN-UTERO EFFECTS:

IN-UTERO EFFECTS WEEKS POST CONCEPTION EFFECT 0-1( preimplantation ) Intrauterine death 2-7(organogenesis) Developmental abnormalities/growth retardation/cancer 8 - 40 ( fetal stage) Same as above with lower risk plus possible functional abnormalities

RADIATION RISK:

RADIATION RISK With any exposure to radiation, there is some risk

RADIATION RISK:

RADIATION RISK EFFECT EXCESS CASES PER 10,000 EXPOSED PER RADIATION Genetic 2-4 Somatic(cancer) 4-20 In- Utero (cancer) 4-12 In- Utero (all effects) 20-200