logging in or signing up DECISION MAKING vikram.pal95 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Copy Does not support media & animations WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2736 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: September 15, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: ashi.smiley09 (19 month(s) ago) hey, why can't we download this presentation? pls do reply to this comment., Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: zabac (40 month(s) ago) You have done excellent job! I'd love to download it! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: GOOD MORNING Decision Making : Decision Making “Decision making is a conscious human process involving both individual and social phenomenon based upon factual and value premises which concludes with a choice of one behavioral activity from among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving towards some desired state of affairs.” By- Fremont A. Shull Concept of decision and decision making : Concept of decision and decision making The word decision has been derived from the latin word ‘decidere’ which means ‘a cutting away or a cutting off, or in a practical sense’. Thus, a decision involves a cut of alternatives between those that are desirable and those that are not desirable. The decision is a kind of choice of a desirable alternative. “A decision represents a judgement; a final resolution of a conflict of needs, means or goals; and a commitment to action made in face of uncertainty & complexity.” By- Felix M.Lopez Features of Decision Making : Features of Decision Making Decision making implies that there are various alternatives and the more desirable alternatives is chosen to solve the problem. Existence of alternatives suggests that the decision maker has freedom to choose an alternative of his liking. It may not be completely rational but may be judgemental and emotional. It is like any other management process, is goal directed. Types of decision : Types of decision Programmed and Non-Programmed Decision. Strategic Decision and Tactical Decision. Programmed Decision : Programmed Decision Programmed decision are routine and repetitive and are made with in the framework of organisational policies and rules. Non-Programmed decision : Non-Programmed decision Non-programmed decisions are relevant for solving unique and unusual problems in which various alternatives cannot be decided in advance. Strategic Decision : Strategic Decision Strategic decision is a major choice of actions concerning allocation of resources and contribution to the achievement of organisational objectives. Tactical Decision : Tactical Decision Tactical decision is derived out of strategic decision. It relates to day-to-day working of the organisation and is made in the context of well-set policies and procedures. Decision Making Process : Decision Making Process Specific objective feedback Specific Objectives : Specific Objectives The need for decision making arises in order to achieve certain specific objectives. Every action of human being is goal directed. This is true for decision making also which is an action. Problem Identification : Problem Identification Since a particular decision is made in the context of certain given objectives, indentification of problem is the real beginning of decision-making process. A problem can be indentified much clearly, if managers go through diagnosis and analysis of the problem. Search for Alternatives : Search for Alternatives Manager can search the alternatives by his own past experience or by using creative techniques. In this the manager will confine their search for those alternatives which will overcome the limiting factors. Evaluation of Alternatives : Evaluation of Alternatives After the various alternatives are indentified, the next step is to evaluate them and select the one that will meet the choice criteria. Choice of Alternatives : Choice of Alternatives Choice aspect of decision making is related to deciding the most acceptable which fits with the organisational objectives. It may be seen that the chosen alternative should be acceptable in the light o the organisational objectives Action : Action Once the alternative is selected, it is put into action. Truly speaking, the actual process of decision making ends with the choice of an alternative through which the objectives can be achieved. Results : Results When the decision is put into action, it brings certain results. Therefore managers should take up a follow-up action in the light of feedback received from the results. HOW SHOULD DECISIONS BE MADE? : HOW SHOULD DECISIONS BE MADE? Decision are made with the help of “Rational Decision making process”. Rational: It refers to choices that are consistent and value maximizing. STEPS IN RATIONAL DECISION MAKING MODEL : STEPS IN RATIONAL DECISION MAKING MODEL Define The Problem. Identify The Decision Criteria. Allocate Weights To The Criteria. Develop The Alternatives. Evaluate the Alternatives. Select the best Alternative. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE MODEL : ASSUMPTIONS OF THE MODEL Problem Clarity Known Options Clear Preferences Constant Preferences No Time Or Cost Constraints Maximum Pay off Slide 21: THANK YOU You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
DECISION MAKING vikram.pal95 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Copy Does not support media & animations WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2736 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: September 15, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: ashi.smiley09 (19 month(s) ago) hey, why can't we download this presentation? pls do reply to this comment., Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: zabac (40 month(s) ago) You have done excellent job! I'd love to download it! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: GOOD MORNING Decision Making : Decision Making “Decision making is a conscious human process involving both individual and social phenomenon based upon factual and value premises which concludes with a choice of one behavioral activity from among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving towards some desired state of affairs.” By- Fremont A. Shull Concept of decision and decision making : Concept of decision and decision making The word decision has been derived from the latin word ‘decidere’ which means ‘a cutting away or a cutting off, or in a practical sense’. Thus, a decision involves a cut of alternatives between those that are desirable and those that are not desirable. The decision is a kind of choice of a desirable alternative. “A decision represents a judgement; a final resolution of a conflict of needs, means or goals; and a commitment to action made in face of uncertainty & complexity.” By- Felix M.Lopez Features of Decision Making : Features of Decision Making Decision making implies that there are various alternatives and the more desirable alternatives is chosen to solve the problem. Existence of alternatives suggests that the decision maker has freedom to choose an alternative of his liking. It may not be completely rational but may be judgemental and emotional. It is like any other management process, is goal directed. Types of decision : Types of decision Programmed and Non-Programmed Decision. Strategic Decision and Tactical Decision. Programmed Decision : Programmed Decision Programmed decision are routine and repetitive and are made with in the framework of organisational policies and rules. Non-Programmed decision : Non-Programmed decision Non-programmed decisions are relevant for solving unique and unusual problems in which various alternatives cannot be decided in advance. Strategic Decision : Strategic Decision Strategic decision is a major choice of actions concerning allocation of resources and contribution to the achievement of organisational objectives. Tactical Decision : Tactical Decision Tactical decision is derived out of strategic decision. It relates to day-to-day working of the organisation and is made in the context of well-set policies and procedures. Decision Making Process : Decision Making Process Specific objective feedback Specific Objectives : Specific Objectives The need for decision making arises in order to achieve certain specific objectives. Every action of human being is goal directed. This is true for decision making also which is an action. Problem Identification : Problem Identification Since a particular decision is made in the context of certain given objectives, indentification of problem is the real beginning of decision-making process. A problem can be indentified much clearly, if managers go through diagnosis and analysis of the problem. Search for Alternatives : Search for Alternatives Manager can search the alternatives by his own past experience or by using creative techniques. In this the manager will confine their search for those alternatives which will overcome the limiting factors. Evaluation of Alternatives : Evaluation of Alternatives After the various alternatives are indentified, the next step is to evaluate them and select the one that will meet the choice criteria. Choice of Alternatives : Choice of Alternatives Choice aspect of decision making is related to deciding the most acceptable which fits with the organisational objectives. It may be seen that the chosen alternative should be acceptable in the light o the organisational objectives Action : Action Once the alternative is selected, it is put into action. Truly speaking, the actual process of decision making ends with the choice of an alternative through which the objectives can be achieved. Results : Results When the decision is put into action, it brings certain results. Therefore managers should take up a follow-up action in the light of feedback received from the results. HOW SHOULD DECISIONS BE MADE? : HOW SHOULD DECISIONS BE MADE? Decision are made with the help of “Rational Decision making process”. Rational: It refers to choices that are consistent and value maximizing. STEPS IN RATIONAL DECISION MAKING MODEL : STEPS IN RATIONAL DECISION MAKING MODEL Define The Problem. Identify The Decision Criteria. Allocate Weights To The Criteria. Develop The Alternatives. Evaluate the Alternatives. Select the best Alternative. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE MODEL : ASSUMPTIONS OF THE MODEL Problem Clarity Known Options Clear Preferences Constant Preferences No Time Or Cost Constraints Maximum Pay off Slide 21: THANK YOU