Production technology of gerbera

Production technology of : 

Production technology of GERBERA

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Family : Asteraceae Botanical name : Gerbera jamesonii The genus has about 40 species. Some important related species are : G . asplenifolia, G.auyantiaca, G.kunzeana , G.vindifolia Origin : South Africa

Content : 

Content Botany Economic importance Cultivars Climate Soil Propagation planting Manures&fertilizers Irrigation Green house Plant protection Physiological disorder Harvesting grading

BOTANY: 

BOTANY stemless ,tender perennial herbs. Leaves -radical , petioled, lanceolate, deeply lobed some time leathery, narrow at base, wide at the top arranged in a rosette at the base. Flower stalks -long , thin ,leafless . Flower heads are grouped into single, double and semi double cultivars. Flower colours - yellow, orange, cream white, pink, brick red, scarlet, salmon and intermediate shades.

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PLANT LEAF

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: 

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE One of the best cut flower Different colours Suitable for pot cultivation Industrial cultivation High demand in market

CULTIVARS : 

CULTIVARS Dusty (red) Flemingo (pale rose) Fredorella (red) Terraqueen (pink) Uranus (yellow) Valentine (pink) Vesta (red)

TNAU verieties: 

TNAU verieties

CLIMATE: 

CLIMATE Day temperature : 22-25  C night temperature : 12-16  C Production of quality flowers needs either shade house (50%) or naturally ventilated poly house

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polyhouse greenhouse

SOIL: 

SOIL Well drained , rich fertility light soil neutral or slightly alkaline soil

PROPAGATION: 

PROPAGATION seeds

DIVISIONS OF CLUMPS : 

DIVISIONS OF CLUMPS

TISSUE CULTURE : 

TISSUE CULTURE

PLANTING: 

PLANTING Planting seasons: Season 1 : Spring ( Jan,Feb,andMarch ) Season 2: Summer (June, July and August) Planting in raised beds improves drainage and aeration.

RAISED BED: 

RAISED BED Raised beds of 1-2m width and 30cm height.

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Growing media : FYM : sand : cocopeat/paddy husk (2:1:1).

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To control soil borne pathogens ( Phytophthora , Fusarium and Pythium ) - bed is to be sterilized with formaldehyde (100ml in 5l/m 2 ) or methyl bromide (30g/m 2 ) covered with plastic sheet for 3 days

SPACING: 

SPACING between rows : 30-40cm; within the row 25-30cm, accommodating 6-7 plants/m 2 .

MANURES&FERTILIZERS: 

MANURES&FERTILIZERS Requires plenty of organic matter Organic manure @ 7.5kg/m 2 NPK: For first 3 months – 10:15:20g/m 2 /month From 4 th month onwards -15:10:30g/m 2 /month

IRRIGATION: 

IRRIGATION 500-700ml of water/day/plant to be given through drip.

GREEN HOUSE: 

GREEN HOUSE Height of greenhouse : 5- 6.5m - for air circulation To control light intensity & solar radiation: shade net (50-70%) Optimum humidity : 70-75%

PLANT PROTECTION: 

PLANT PROTECTION Nematode - Carbofuran 7-8 kg/ha - before planting Leaf spot - Carbendazim 2 g/lit or Mancozeb 2 g/lit Leaf miner - Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/lit Whitefly - Monocrotophos 2 ml/lit or Neem oil 3 ml/lit

PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS: 

PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS Bending of stalk : due to loss of cell turgidity & under nutrition (lack of Calcium)

Double-faced flowers : due to imbalance of nutrients : 

Double-faced flowers : due to imbalance of nutrients

HARVESTING: 

HARVESTING Flowering : 3 months after planting

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Harvest index : 2-3 rows of disc florets perpendicular to the stalk Base of stalk is cut about 2-3cm above the base and kept in fresh chlorinated water

GRADING: 

GRADING Based on stem length and diameter - A, B, C and D grades

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Average yield : 200 flowers/m 2 /year Economic life : 2 years

reference: 

reference Tamilnadu agricultural university- agri portal http://agcbe.tnau.ac.in/hor312_20090217_11 www.au.gardenweb.com/.../msg030112296353.html www.cihner.org.in/publications

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BY A.VIJAYAPRABHAKAR B.sc,(agricultural). APAC ( tamilnadu agricultural univercity )