logging in or signing up IMPLANTABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS vicky_5593 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Dynamic Copy Does not support media & animations Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2889 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: April 10, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 6 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: ramvyas (3 week(s) ago) nice presentation, i like it ,will u send me on lakhanvyas@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... 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Post Reply Close By: sunilmunigala (20 month(s) ago) hi sir , if u get this ppt kindly sent to my id.....sunilmunigala.srr@gmail.com Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript IMPLANTABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: IMPLANTABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS Ms. Monika Dr. Nawazish Alam M. Pharmacy,Sem 1 Dept.of Pharmaceutics S.B.S. College of Pharmacy, PATTI. 4/10/2011 1 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION Implantable drug delivery systems are placed completely under the skin — usually in a convenient but inconspicuous location. The patient is aware of only a small bump under the skin. designed to transmit drugs and fluids into the bloodstream without the repeated insertion of needles. well suited to the drug delivery requirements of insulin, steroids, chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, analgesics, total parenteral nutrition, and heparin There is little chance of infection or interference with daily activities Because the device is completely subcutaneous, with no opening in the skin 4/10/2011 2 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Approaches to the development of Implantable drug delivery system : Approaches to the development of Implantable drug delivery system In 1861 Lafarge pioneered the concept of IDDS for long term continuous administration of crystalline hormone in the form of solid steroid pellet But the release profile was not constant and can not be readily controlled in terms of precision of the release rate and duration of action While it is possible to surgically implant and remove drug-concentrative devices or polymeric matrices, the requirement for such intervention could have a significant negative impact on the acceptability Two approaches to this problem seem possible Use of implanted electrically driven pumps Use of erodible implants 4/10/2011 3 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Controlled drug delivery by diffusion process: Controlled drug delivery by diffusion process Diffusion of the drug out of the device or solvent into the polymer ultimately contributes to the drug-release process Release of the drug from the device is preprogrammed at a specific rate profile This is accomplished by a system design which controls molecular diffusion of drug in or and/or across barrier medium surrounding the system This systems can be further sub classified in to number of classes 4/10/2011 4 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"(A) Polymer membrane permeation- controlled drug delivery using : (A) Polymer membrane permeation- controlled drug delivery using Non porous membrane Micro porous membrane Semi permeable membrane Here the drug formulation is totally or partially encapsulated within a drug reservoir compartment and the drug release surface is covered by a rate limiting polymeric membrane having a specific permeability for drug 4/10/2011 5 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 6: 4/10/2011 6 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 7: The dug reservoir can exist in to a solid , suspension or in a solution form and polymeric membrane fabricated in the form of non porous{homogenous or heterogeneous}, micro porous or semipermiable membrane. Encapsulation of drug formulation in to the reservoir compartment can be done by Injection molding Spray coating microencapsulation Different shapes of the systems like sphere , cylinder or sheet can be fabricated An example of this type of implantable drug delivery system is A NORPLANT SUBDERMAL IMPLANT and OCUSERT SYSTEM 4/10/2011 7 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"B)Polymer Matrix diffusion-controlled drug delivery: B)Polymer Matrix diffusion-controlled drug delivery In this type of preplanned drug delivery system the drug reservoir is prepared by homogenous dispersion of drug particles in a rate controlling polymer matrix fabricated from either a lipophillic or a hydrophilic polymer The drug dispersion in a polymer matrix is done by Blending finely divided drug particles with a liquid polymer or a viscous base followed by cross linking of the polymer chain Mixing the drug with a polymer at an elevated temperature Dissolving drug and polymer in a common solvent followe by solvent evaporation at elevated temperature or under vacuum The resultant drug polymer dispersion is then molded or extruded to form a drug delivery devices of various shapes Example is a nitro- dur TDDS 4/10/2011 8 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 9: 4/10/2011 9 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"C) Microreservior partition-controlled drug delivery system: C) Microreservior partition-controlled drug delivery system In this type drug reservoir is fabricated by micro dispersion of aqueous suspension of a drug using a high energy dispersion technique in to a biocompatible polymer such as silicone elastomer to form a homogenous dispersion of many discrete , unreachable microscopic drug reservoir Depending on the physicochemical properties of the drug and the desired rate of drug release , the device can be further coated with polymer to modify mechanism and rate of release example is the transdermal nitro disc system 4/10/2011 10 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 11: 4/10/2011 11 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"(d) Membrane matrix hybrid-type drug delivery system : This device is a hybrid of Polymer Matrix diffusion-controlled drug delivery and Polymer membrane permeation- controlled drug delivery system aim is to take advantage of controlled release kinetic offered by Polymer membrane permeation- controlled drug delivery system and to avoid risk of dose dumping from reservoir compartment of this type of drug delivery system Drug reservoir is formed by dispersion of drug in to a polymer matrix which is further coated by a semi permeable polymeric membrane Example is a norplant II sub dermal system (d) Membrane matrix hybrid-type drug delivery system 4/10/2011 12 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"(II) Controlled drug delivery by activation process: (II) Controlled drug delivery by activation process In this type release of the drug is activated by some physical , chemical, or biological process and/or by the energy supplied externally and the rate of release is than regulated by the processes applied or input of energy Based on the processed applied these activation modulated drug delivery system can be classified in to Osmotic pressure activated Vapor pressure activated Magnetically activated Hydrolytic-activated Hydration activated 4/10/2011 13 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Osmotic pressure activated drug delivery system: Osmotic pressure activated drug delivery system In this type of controlled drug delivery system the release of the drug takes place due to osmotic pressure Drug reservoir which can be either a solid or a suspension is contained in a semipermiable housing The release is activated through a specially formed orifice and rate of release is modulated by controlling the osmotic gradient Thus release rate is dependent on water permeability of membrane, solubility of osmogen , effective surface area of semipermiable housing as well as osmotic gradient Representatative example of this type of implantable controlled release drug delivery system is alzet osmotic pump 4/10/2011 14 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Alzet osmotic pump: Alzet osmotic pump 4/10/2011 15 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Vapor pressure activated implantable drug delivery system: Vapor pressure activated implantable drug delivery system The drug reservoir which ids a solution formulation is contained in to an infusate chamber By freely movable bellow the chamber is a pumping system physically separated from the vapors pressure chamber which contains vaporizable fluids such as a fluorocarbon The fluorocarbon vaporizes at body temperature creating a vapor pressure that pushes bellow to move upward and forces the drug solution to get delivered 4/10/2011 16 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Magnetically activated implantable drug delivery system : A magnetic wave triggered mechanism is incorporated in to drug delivery device and drug can be triggered to be released at varying rate depending on the magnitude and duration of the electromagnetic energy applied Magnetically activated implantable drug delivery system 4/10/2011 17 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 18: 4/10/2011 18 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Hydration activated drug delivery system: Hydration activated drug delivery system This system depends on the hydration induced swelling process by tissue fluid at implantable site to activate drug release In this system drug reservoir is dispersed in to swollable polymer matrix fabricated from hydrophilic polymer that become swollen upon hydration Drug is released from microscopic water filled pore channels in to the polymer matrix and Release rate of drug is controlled by swelling of the polymer matrix 4/10/2011 19 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Hydrolysis activated drug delivery system: Hydrolysis activated drug delivery system Release of drug is activated by hydrolysis of a bioerodable polymer by the cell fluid at the implantation site Biodegradable polymer like Co(lactic-glycolic)polymer Poly( orthoester ) Poly(anhydride) are used in fabrication of this type of implantable drug delivery system This system is made by dispersing loading dose of a drug with a biodegradable polymer , which is then molded in to pellet or a bead shaped implant Example is a LHRH{ goserelin } releasing biodegradable sub dermal implant 4/10/2011 20 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"(c) Controlled drug delivery by feed back regulated mechanism: (c) Controlled drug delivery by feed back regulated mechanism using this group of controlled drug delivery system the release of a drug is activated by some biochemical molecule in the body and its concentration at the implantable site via feedback mechanism And the rate of controlled release of drug is regulated by the concentration of biochemical substance detected by a sensor in the feedback mechanism 4/10/2011 21 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Bioerosion regulated drug delivery system : Bioerosion regulated drug delivery system This system consist of a drug dispersed in to a biodegradable polymer matrix like poly vinyl methyl ether and is coated with immobilized urease in a neutral pH.in the presence of urea urease at the surface of drug delivery system metabolize urea to form ammonia causing increase in pH at which polymer degrades leading to drug release 4/10/2011 22 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 23: 4/10/2011 23 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Bioresponse activated drug delivery system: Bioresponse activated drug delivery system Drug reservoir is contained in a device enclosed by a bioresponsive polymer membrane whose permeability is controlled by conc. of a biochemical agent contained where the system is located Example is a glucose triggered insulin delivery system in which insulin reservoir is capsulated within hydrogel membrane having amineNR2 groups In alkaline pH NR2 is neutral and membrane is unsellable and impermeable to insulin As glucose, triggering agent penetrates in to membrane it is oxidized to glucuronic acid by enzyme glucose oxidise contained in a membrane NR2 groups are protonated and hydro gel membrane becomes swollable and permeable for insulin. Amt of release is dependant on the concentration of glucose entering in to membrane 4/10/2011 24 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"INTRAVAGINAL AND INTRAUTERINE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: INTRAVAGINAL AND INTRAUTERINE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM 4/10/2011 25 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION As the name suggests it is designed basically for intravaginal use. Mainly intended for local effect or systemic effect. Localized drug delivery through vaginal route is intended for -barrier contraception -prevention/treatment of infection 4/10/2011 26 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 27: Systemic drug delivery through vaginal route is intended for -controlled delivery of a range of possible therapeutic agents including steroid sex hormones. 4/10/2011 27 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 28: Conventional solutions,semi -solids( ointments,creams and gels),tablets for vaginal delivery suffer from disadvantages like: -problem of retention,spreadibility and messy in use. 4/10/2011 28 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 29: Intravaginal drug delivery design based on : - Mucoadhesive hydrogel system - Intrvaginal elastomeric rings - Cytoadhesive targeted systems 4/10/2011 29 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Bio(muco)adhesive semi solids: Bio( muco )adhesive semi solids Control the rate of drug release and extend the residence time of intravaginal delivery system. E.g.- bio-adhesive system that contain Microbicides for the treatment of vaginitis . It is a dual phase emulsion with an internal hydrophilic phase into which the active drug moiety is incorporated. 4/10/2011 30 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Advantages: Advantages - minimisation of vaginal cream leakage -administration of therapy during any time of day -less total drug exposure per course of therapy -continuous drug release -more rapid relief of symptoms than the conventional cream 4/10/2011 31 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Vaginal pessaries or suppositories: Vaginal pessaries or suppositories Most commonly used to administer drugs to promote cervical opening prior to childbirth and for local drug delivery to vagina 4/10/2011 32 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Solid polymeric carriers: Solid polymeric carriers It represent the class of specifically designed non-messy intravaginal drug delivery system that can be used to generate a variety of controlled delivery profiles over a period ranging from several days to several months. Two types: -solid hydrogels -elastomeric intravaginal rings 4/10/2011 33 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Solid hydrogels: Solid hydrogels Rely on shape to remain in place with in vaginal space are more suitable for hydrophilic agents. 4/10/2011 34 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Elastomeric intravaginal rings: Elastomeric intravaginal rings Rely on their elastomeric properties Exerting a slight tension on the vaginal walls More suitable for hydrophobic drugs. Designed to contain steroid hormones for contraception in young women and for HRT in menopausal women 4/10/2011 35 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"IVR is of three types: IVR is of three types Matrix (homogeneous dispersion) IVR Reservoir (core) IVR Sandwich(shell) IVR 4/10/2011 36 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD or IUCD): INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD or IUCD) 4/10/2011 37 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION Also known as Intrauterine contraceptive devices(IUCD). World’s most widely used family planning method. Common form of reversible contraception. Used by 100 million women. 67% of IUD user live in China. 4/10/2011 38 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"TYPES OF IUD’s: TYPES OF IUD’s Non-hormonal IUD: e.g. copper-T and copper-7 Hormonal IUD : e.g. progestasert 4/10/2011 39 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Non-Hormonal IUDs/Copper-Medicated IUDs: Non-Hormonal IUDs/Copper-Medicated IUDs Consist of a polypropylene or polyethylene plastic support of a no.7 or letter T with certain amount of copper wire wound around them. Its shape conforms to the uterine cavity and resists displacement and rotation within the cavity as well as expulsion from the cavity. 4/10/2011 40 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 41: The device has two flexible arms that fold down for insertion and expand to form a T-shape when released inside the uterus. Device is 36 mm tall and 32 mm wide. Vertical stem of the device is wound with copper wire and the two horizontal arms also have a sleeve of copper. 4/10/2011 41 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 42: 4/10/2011 42 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COPPER IUD’s: MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COPPER IUD’s Prevents fertilization by: -impairing the viability of the sperm. -interfering with sperm movement. 4/10/2011 43 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES Highly effective and very safe. Does not interfere wih intercourse. Easy to use. Long lasting. Easy reversible. Quick return to fertility. No systemic side effect. Complications are rare. 4/10/2011 44 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES Side effects-including cramping and increased or prolonged bleeding. Rare complications include perforation and pelvic inflammatory disease. Method failure can lead to ectopic pregnancy(extremely rare). Insertion and removal. No STI/HIV protection. 4/10/2011 45 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"COMMON SIDE EFFECTS: COMMON SIDE EFFECTS Cramping and increased or prolonged menstrual bleeding. Possible bleeding between menstrual periods. Side effects are most common during the first three months. 4/10/2011 46 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Hormonal IUDs/Progestogen-containing IUDs: Hormonal IUDs/ Progestogen -containing IUDs It is also a T-shaped device made of polyethylene frame. Silicon reservoir containing dispersed levonorgesteral or progesterone on the vertical stem which is enclosed in a sleeve of rate controlling membrane of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. 4/10/2011 47 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 48: 4/10/2011 48 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PROGESTOGEN RELEASING IUD: MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PROGESTOGEN RELEASING IUD Thickening of the mucous of cervical mucosa so that sperm cannot enter the uterus. Changing the lining of the uterus making it unsuitable for pregnancy. 4/10/2011 49 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES Prevent pregnany for upto 5 years by steadily releasing small amount of progestogen directly into the uterus. Can be used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding. Reduces period pain in many women 4/10/2011 50 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES Weight gain Irregular bleeding pattern in the early stages. 4/10/2011 51 Monika,"Vikramjit singh" You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
IMPLANTABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS vicky_5593 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Dynamic Copy Does not support media & animations Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2889 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: April 10, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 6 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: ramvyas (3 week(s) ago) nice presentation, i like it ,will u send me on lakhanvyas@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: rams349 (19 month(s) ago) plz send dis ppt at somuchitti349@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: chetantapre (19 month(s) ago) this presentation is very informative and the way it was presented is very nice cud u plz send dis to my mail id chetantapre@gmail.com as early as possible plz Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: vaisyarajus (22 month(s) ago) this presentation is excellent and very informative could you please send this to my mail id vaisyarajus@yahoo.com so that iit will help me out in understanding implantable drug delivery systems Saving..... Post Reply Close By: sunilmunigala (20 month(s) ago) hi sir if u get this ppt .....plz send me to my id sunilmunigala.srr@gmail.com Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: bajia8 (22 month(s) ago) your work is excellent mam, it will helpful to my study so kindly send it to bajia8@gmail.com,thankful to you mam Saving..... Post Reply Close By: sunilmunigala (20 month(s) ago) hi sir , if u get this ppt kindly sent to my id.....sunilmunigala.srr@gmail.com Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript IMPLANTABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: IMPLANTABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS Ms. Monika Dr. Nawazish Alam M. Pharmacy,Sem 1 Dept.of Pharmaceutics S.B.S. College of Pharmacy, PATTI. 4/10/2011 1 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION Implantable drug delivery systems are placed completely under the skin — usually in a convenient but inconspicuous location. The patient is aware of only a small bump under the skin. designed to transmit drugs and fluids into the bloodstream without the repeated insertion of needles. well suited to the drug delivery requirements of insulin, steroids, chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, analgesics, total parenteral nutrition, and heparin There is little chance of infection or interference with daily activities Because the device is completely subcutaneous, with no opening in the skin 4/10/2011 2 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Approaches to the development of Implantable drug delivery system : Approaches to the development of Implantable drug delivery system In 1861 Lafarge pioneered the concept of IDDS for long term continuous administration of crystalline hormone in the form of solid steroid pellet But the release profile was not constant and can not be readily controlled in terms of precision of the release rate and duration of action While it is possible to surgically implant and remove drug-concentrative devices or polymeric matrices, the requirement for such intervention could have a significant negative impact on the acceptability Two approaches to this problem seem possible Use of implanted electrically driven pumps Use of erodible implants 4/10/2011 3 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Controlled drug delivery by diffusion process: Controlled drug delivery by diffusion process Diffusion of the drug out of the device or solvent into the polymer ultimately contributes to the drug-release process Release of the drug from the device is preprogrammed at a specific rate profile This is accomplished by a system design which controls molecular diffusion of drug in or and/or across barrier medium surrounding the system This systems can be further sub classified in to number of classes 4/10/2011 4 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"(A) Polymer membrane permeation- controlled drug delivery using : (A) Polymer membrane permeation- controlled drug delivery using Non porous membrane Micro porous membrane Semi permeable membrane Here the drug formulation is totally or partially encapsulated within a drug reservoir compartment and the drug release surface is covered by a rate limiting polymeric membrane having a specific permeability for drug 4/10/2011 5 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 6: 4/10/2011 6 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 7: The dug reservoir can exist in to a solid , suspension or in a solution form and polymeric membrane fabricated in the form of non porous{homogenous or heterogeneous}, micro porous or semipermiable membrane. Encapsulation of drug formulation in to the reservoir compartment can be done by Injection molding Spray coating microencapsulation Different shapes of the systems like sphere , cylinder or sheet can be fabricated An example of this type of implantable drug delivery system is A NORPLANT SUBDERMAL IMPLANT and OCUSERT SYSTEM 4/10/2011 7 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"B)Polymer Matrix diffusion-controlled drug delivery: B)Polymer Matrix diffusion-controlled drug delivery In this type of preplanned drug delivery system the drug reservoir is prepared by homogenous dispersion of drug particles in a rate controlling polymer matrix fabricated from either a lipophillic or a hydrophilic polymer The drug dispersion in a polymer matrix is done by Blending finely divided drug particles with a liquid polymer or a viscous base followed by cross linking of the polymer chain Mixing the drug with a polymer at an elevated temperature Dissolving drug and polymer in a common solvent followe by solvent evaporation at elevated temperature or under vacuum The resultant drug polymer dispersion is then molded or extruded to form a drug delivery devices of various shapes Example is a nitro- dur TDDS 4/10/2011 8 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 9: 4/10/2011 9 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"C) Microreservior partition-controlled drug delivery system: C) Microreservior partition-controlled drug delivery system In this type drug reservoir is fabricated by micro dispersion of aqueous suspension of a drug using a high energy dispersion technique in to a biocompatible polymer such as silicone elastomer to form a homogenous dispersion of many discrete , unreachable microscopic drug reservoir Depending on the physicochemical properties of the drug and the desired rate of drug release , the device can be further coated with polymer to modify mechanism and rate of release example is the transdermal nitro disc system 4/10/2011 10 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 11: 4/10/2011 11 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"(d) Membrane matrix hybrid-type drug delivery system : This device is a hybrid of Polymer Matrix diffusion-controlled drug delivery and Polymer membrane permeation- controlled drug delivery system aim is to take advantage of controlled release kinetic offered by Polymer membrane permeation- controlled drug delivery system and to avoid risk of dose dumping from reservoir compartment of this type of drug delivery system Drug reservoir is formed by dispersion of drug in to a polymer matrix which is further coated by a semi permeable polymeric membrane Example is a norplant II sub dermal system (d) Membrane matrix hybrid-type drug delivery system 4/10/2011 12 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"(II) Controlled drug delivery by activation process: (II) Controlled drug delivery by activation process In this type release of the drug is activated by some physical , chemical, or biological process and/or by the energy supplied externally and the rate of release is than regulated by the processes applied or input of energy Based on the processed applied these activation modulated drug delivery system can be classified in to Osmotic pressure activated Vapor pressure activated Magnetically activated Hydrolytic-activated Hydration activated 4/10/2011 13 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Osmotic pressure activated drug delivery system: Osmotic pressure activated drug delivery system In this type of controlled drug delivery system the release of the drug takes place due to osmotic pressure Drug reservoir which can be either a solid or a suspension is contained in a semipermiable housing The release is activated through a specially formed orifice and rate of release is modulated by controlling the osmotic gradient Thus release rate is dependent on water permeability of membrane, solubility of osmogen , effective surface area of semipermiable housing as well as osmotic gradient Representatative example of this type of implantable controlled release drug delivery system is alzet osmotic pump 4/10/2011 14 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Alzet osmotic pump: Alzet osmotic pump 4/10/2011 15 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Vapor pressure activated implantable drug delivery system: Vapor pressure activated implantable drug delivery system The drug reservoir which ids a solution formulation is contained in to an infusate chamber By freely movable bellow the chamber is a pumping system physically separated from the vapors pressure chamber which contains vaporizable fluids such as a fluorocarbon The fluorocarbon vaporizes at body temperature creating a vapor pressure that pushes bellow to move upward and forces the drug solution to get delivered 4/10/2011 16 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Magnetically activated implantable drug delivery system : A magnetic wave triggered mechanism is incorporated in to drug delivery device and drug can be triggered to be released at varying rate depending on the magnitude and duration of the electromagnetic energy applied Magnetically activated implantable drug delivery system 4/10/2011 17 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 18: 4/10/2011 18 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Hydration activated drug delivery system: Hydration activated drug delivery system This system depends on the hydration induced swelling process by tissue fluid at implantable site to activate drug release In this system drug reservoir is dispersed in to swollable polymer matrix fabricated from hydrophilic polymer that become swollen upon hydration Drug is released from microscopic water filled pore channels in to the polymer matrix and Release rate of drug is controlled by swelling of the polymer matrix 4/10/2011 19 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Hydrolysis activated drug delivery system: Hydrolysis activated drug delivery system Release of drug is activated by hydrolysis of a bioerodable polymer by the cell fluid at the implantation site Biodegradable polymer like Co(lactic-glycolic)polymer Poly( orthoester ) Poly(anhydride) are used in fabrication of this type of implantable drug delivery system This system is made by dispersing loading dose of a drug with a biodegradable polymer , which is then molded in to pellet or a bead shaped implant Example is a LHRH{ goserelin } releasing biodegradable sub dermal implant 4/10/2011 20 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"(c) Controlled drug delivery by feed back regulated mechanism: (c) Controlled drug delivery by feed back regulated mechanism using this group of controlled drug delivery system the release of a drug is activated by some biochemical molecule in the body and its concentration at the implantable site via feedback mechanism And the rate of controlled release of drug is regulated by the concentration of biochemical substance detected by a sensor in the feedback mechanism 4/10/2011 21 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Bioerosion regulated drug delivery system : Bioerosion regulated drug delivery system This system consist of a drug dispersed in to a biodegradable polymer matrix like poly vinyl methyl ether and is coated with immobilized urease in a neutral pH.in the presence of urea urease at the surface of drug delivery system metabolize urea to form ammonia causing increase in pH at which polymer degrades leading to drug release 4/10/2011 22 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 23: 4/10/2011 23 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Bioresponse activated drug delivery system: Bioresponse activated drug delivery system Drug reservoir is contained in a device enclosed by a bioresponsive polymer membrane whose permeability is controlled by conc. of a biochemical agent contained where the system is located Example is a glucose triggered insulin delivery system in which insulin reservoir is capsulated within hydrogel membrane having amineNR2 groups In alkaline pH NR2 is neutral and membrane is unsellable and impermeable to insulin As glucose, triggering agent penetrates in to membrane it is oxidized to glucuronic acid by enzyme glucose oxidise contained in a membrane NR2 groups are protonated and hydro gel membrane becomes swollable and permeable for insulin. Amt of release is dependant on the concentration of glucose entering in to membrane 4/10/2011 24 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"INTRAVAGINAL AND INTRAUTERINE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: INTRAVAGINAL AND INTRAUTERINE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM 4/10/2011 25 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION As the name suggests it is designed basically for intravaginal use. Mainly intended for local effect or systemic effect. Localized drug delivery through vaginal route is intended for -barrier contraception -prevention/treatment of infection 4/10/2011 26 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 27: Systemic drug delivery through vaginal route is intended for -controlled delivery of a range of possible therapeutic agents including steroid sex hormones. 4/10/2011 27 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 28: Conventional solutions,semi -solids( ointments,creams and gels),tablets for vaginal delivery suffer from disadvantages like: -problem of retention,spreadibility and messy in use. 4/10/2011 28 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 29: Intravaginal drug delivery design based on : - Mucoadhesive hydrogel system - Intrvaginal elastomeric rings - Cytoadhesive targeted systems 4/10/2011 29 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Bio(muco)adhesive semi solids: Bio( muco )adhesive semi solids Control the rate of drug release and extend the residence time of intravaginal delivery system. E.g.- bio-adhesive system that contain Microbicides for the treatment of vaginitis . It is a dual phase emulsion with an internal hydrophilic phase into which the active drug moiety is incorporated. 4/10/2011 30 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Advantages: Advantages - minimisation of vaginal cream leakage -administration of therapy during any time of day -less total drug exposure per course of therapy -continuous drug release -more rapid relief of symptoms than the conventional cream 4/10/2011 31 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Vaginal pessaries or suppositories: Vaginal pessaries or suppositories Most commonly used to administer drugs to promote cervical opening prior to childbirth and for local drug delivery to vagina 4/10/2011 32 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Solid polymeric carriers: Solid polymeric carriers It represent the class of specifically designed non-messy intravaginal drug delivery system that can be used to generate a variety of controlled delivery profiles over a period ranging from several days to several months. Two types: -solid hydrogels -elastomeric intravaginal rings 4/10/2011 33 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Solid hydrogels: Solid hydrogels Rely on shape to remain in place with in vaginal space are more suitable for hydrophilic agents. 4/10/2011 34 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Elastomeric intravaginal rings: Elastomeric intravaginal rings Rely on their elastomeric properties Exerting a slight tension on the vaginal walls More suitable for hydrophobic drugs. Designed to contain steroid hormones for contraception in young women and for HRT in menopausal women 4/10/2011 35 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"IVR is of three types: IVR is of three types Matrix (homogeneous dispersion) IVR Reservoir (core) IVR Sandwich(shell) IVR 4/10/2011 36 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD or IUCD): INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD or IUCD) 4/10/2011 37 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION Also known as Intrauterine contraceptive devices(IUCD). World’s most widely used family planning method. Common form of reversible contraception. Used by 100 million women. 67% of IUD user live in China. 4/10/2011 38 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"TYPES OF IUD’s: TYPES OF IUD’s Non-hormonal IUD: e.g. copper-T and copper-7 Hormonal IUD : e.g. progestasert 4/10/2011 39 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Non-Hormonal IUDs/Copper-Medicated IUDs: Non-Hormonal IUDs/Copper-Medicated IUDs Consist of a polypropylene or polyethylene plastic support of a no.7 or letter T with certain amount of copper wire wound around them. Its shape conforms to the uterine cavity and resists displacement and rotation within the cavity as well as expulsion from the cavity. 4/10/2011 40 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 41: The device has two flexible arms that fold down for insertion and expand to form a T-shape when released inside the uterus. Device is 36 mm tall and 32 mm wide. Vertical stem of the device is wound with copper wire and the two horizontal arms also have a sleeve of copper. 4/10/2011 41 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 42: 4/10/2011 42 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COPPER IUD’s: MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COPPER IUD’s Prevents fertilization by: -impairing the viability of the sperm. -interfering with sperm movement. 4/10/2011 43 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES Highly effective and very safe. Does not interfere wih intercourse. Easy to use. Long lasting. Easy reversible. Quick return to fertility. No systemic side effect. Complications are rare. 4/10/2011 44 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES Side effects-including cramping and increased or prolonged bleeding. Rare complications include perforation and pelvic inflammatory disease. Method failure can lead to ectopic pregnancy(extremely rare). Insertion and removal. No STI/HIV protection. 4/10/2011 45 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"COMMON SIDE EFFECTS: COMMON SIDE EFFECTS Cramping and increased or prolonged menstrual bleeding. Possible bleeding between menstrual periods. Side effects are most common during the first three months. 4/10/2011 46 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Hormonal IUDs/Progestogen-containing IUDs: Hormonal IUDs/ Progestogen -containing IUDs It is also a T-shaped device made of polyethylene frame. Silicon reservoir containing dispersed levonorgesteral or progesterone on the vertical stem which is enclosed in a sleeve of rate controlling membrane of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. 4/10/2011 47 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"Slide 48: 4/10/2011 48 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PROGESTOGEN RELEASING IUD: MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PROGESTOGEN RELEASING IUD Thickening of the mucous of cervical mucosa so that sperm cannot enter the uterus. Changing the lining of the uterus making it unsuitable for pregnancy. 4/10/2011 49 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES Prevent pregnany for upto 5 years by steadily releasing small amount of progestogen directly into the uterus. Can be used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding. Reduces period pain in many women 4/10/2011 50 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES Weight gain Irregular bleeding pattern in the early stages. 4/10/2011 51 Monika,"Vikramjit singh"