attitudes values and ethics

ATTITUDES,VALUES, and ETHICS:

ATTITUDES,VALUES, and ETHICS DIVINE CUENCA-BUNGAY

ATTITUDES and EMOTIONS:

ATTITUDES and EMOTIONS

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ATTITUDE is a predisposition to respond that exerts an influence on a person’s response to a person, a thing, an idea, or a situation. Example: Your attitude toward a coworker influences your perception of how favorably you evaluate his or her work.

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COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES COGNITIVE COMPONENT AFFECTIVE COMPONENT BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT

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COGNITIVE COMPONENT – refers to the knowledge or intellectual beliefs an individual might have about an object. AFFECTIVE COMPONENT – refers to the emotion connected with an object or task. BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT – refers to how a person acts.

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COGNITIVE DISSONANCE is the situation in which the pieces of knowledge, information, attitudes, and beliefs held by an individual are contradictory. A state of cognitive dissonance leads people to reduce their internal conflict when they experience a clash between the information they receive and their actions or attitudes.

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EMOTIONS IN WORKPLACE EMOTION – is afeeling such as anger, fear, joy, or surprise that underlies behavior. THREE INTERACTING COMPONENTS OF EMOTION: INTERNAL PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL EXPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR COGNITIVE APPRAISAL

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MANAGING EMOTION The manager should create a friendly emotional climate be setting a positive example. To include a positive attitude as one factor in selecting individuals and teams. EMOTIONAL LABOR and DISSONANCE Emotional Labor is the process of regulating both feelings and expressions to meet organizational goals. Emotional Dissonance is a key aspects of emotional labor and refers to the mismatch between felt and expressed emotions.

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JOB SATISFACTION is the amount of pleasure or contentment associated with job. ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) – the willingness to work for the good of organization even without the promise of a specific reward. VALUE – refers to the importance a person attaches to something that serves as a guide to action.

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VALUES – are also tied in with enduring beliefs that one’s mode of conduct is better than the opposite mode of conduct. HOW VALUES ARE LEARNED? MODELING COMMUNICATION OF ATTITUDES

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ETHICS IS BASED ON INDIVIDUAL BELIEFS ABOUT WHAT IS RIGHT AND WRONG OR GOOD AND BAD. - CAN ALSO BE REGARDED AS THE VEHICLE THAT CONVERTS VALUES INTO ACTION.

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THREE ETHICAL DECISION MAKING CRITERIA CONSEQUENCES DUTIES, OBLIGATIONS AND PRINCIPLES INTEGRITY

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WHEN FOCUSING ON CONSEQUENCES - the decision maker concerned with the utility, or net balance of good and bad consequences, of a decision. THE DEONTOLOGY APPROACH FOCUSES ON - t he rights of individuals, and based on universal principles such as HONESTY, FAIRNESS, JUSTICE, and RESPECT for persons and property. THE INTEGRITY OR VIRTUE CRITERION FOCUSES ON - the character of the ethical action. -

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MAJOR CAUSES OF ETHICAL PROBLEMS: - INDIVIDUAL’S GREED AND GLUTTONY - AN INDIVIDUAL’S LEVEL OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT - A CULTURE THAT CONDONES UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR - PRESSURE FROM HIGHER MANAGEMENT - WEAK RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PEOPLE - UNCONSCIOUS BIASES

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EIGHT STEPS GUIDE TO ETHICAL DECISION MAKING: GATHER THE FACTS DEFINE THE ETHICAL VALUES IDENTIFY THE AFFECTED PARTIES IDENTIFY THE CONSEQUENCES IDENTIFY THE OBLIGATIONS CONSIDER YOUR CHARACTER AND INTEGRITY THINK CREATIVELY ABOUT POTENTIAL ACTIONS CHECK UR INTUITION

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EIGHT STEPS GUIDE TO ETHICAL DECISION MAKING: GATHER THE FACTS – relevant facts DEFINE THE ETHICAL VALUES – might involve lying to customers job discrimination sexual harassment offering or accepting bribes or kickbacks overstatement of the capability of a product or service use of corporate resources for personal gain

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EIGHT STEPS GUIDE TO ETHICAL DECISION MAKING: 3. IDENTIFY THE AFFECTED PARTIES – identify those who will feel the impact of the decision IDENTIFY THE CONSEQUENCES - predict the consequences for each party IDENTIFY THE OBLIGATIONS (and the reasons for each one.

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EIGHT STEPS GUIDE TO ETHICAL DECISION MAKING: 6. CONSIDER YOUR CHARACTER AND INTEGRITY - A core of consideration when faced with an ethical dilemma is to consider how relevant people would judge your character and integrity 7. THINK CREATIVELY ABOUT POTENTIAL ACTIONS - put yourself in a creative mode - stretch your imagination to invent several options rather than thinking you have only two choices –to do or not to do something 8. CHECK YOUR INTUITION

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What organizations can do to enhance ethical and socially responsible behavior? Manager can develop strategies and programs to enhance ethical and socially responsible attitudes and behaviors. Leading by example and establishing an ethical culture Establishing written codes of ethical conduct and formal mechanisms for dealing with ethical problems Accepting Whistle-blowers Giving training in ethics and social responsibility

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Gaining of awareness of cross-cultural influences and ethics.

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