SOIL

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SOIL Presented by: Vatsala Dwivedi B.Sc B.Ed ( Pune )

Introduction::

I ntroduction : Soil gives support and nourishment to plants and thus helps them to grow. Soil is the base of agriculture. The survival of all animals, their nourishment and nurture all depends on the soil.

Formation of the soil:

Soil is made up of stones and pebbles , sand, fine soil particles as well as organic substances. Changes in the atmospheric heat and cold , winds, etc break the rocky surface .Water collects in these and results in breaking of the rocks. Continuous wearing of rocks converts them to smaller particles and turned into soil. The effects of the various elements of nature are the cause of the wearing of rocks and formation of soil. This process of the transformation of rocks into soil is called weathering. F ormation of the soil

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Roots of plants growing into cracks in rocks also help the process of weathering. It takes 800 to 1000 years for a 2.5 cm thick layer of fertile soil to be formed in nature!!! !!!

Soil-Natural Resource:

Soil is important for growing of plants. Plants provide food for animals and human beings. Soil has the property of plasticity , that is, it can be given desired shape. Articles such as pots , utensils, etc. It is also used for making bricks. It contains many minerals in it which are useful to us such as iron-ore, lead, zinc, coal, etc Soil-Natural Resource

Colour of the soil:

Colour of the soil Soil is of different colours . It may be black, red, yellow, or copper coloured . Through the colour of the soil, we get the idea of the fertility , drainage and other such properties of soil from its colour .

Types of Soil:

Types of Soil The different types of soil based on texture are: Sandy soil Clayey soil Silt Laetrile soil

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Sandy soil: if the soil has greater proportion of large particles or sand, the soil is called sandy soil. Clayey soil has the greatest proportion of fine particles of soil Silt soil consist of fine to medium sized soil particles.

Colour of Soil:

C olour of Soil Fine particles of quartz, felspar , mica, carbonates of metals, oxides and sulphides of iron are present in soil along with organic matter.

Constituents of Soil:

C onstituents of Soil Soil has constituents of plants and animal origin. They are called organic constituents. The constituents of plants include algae, bacteria, fungi, decomposed leaves. The constituents of animal origin includes protozoa, worms, insects, shells, and the decomposed remains of dead animals.

Soil Erosion:

Soil Erosion Loss of soil by various means is known as soil erosion. Soil erosion is caused by: Rainwater Wind Agriculture Tree cutting.

Prevention of Soil Erosion:

Prevention of S o il Erosion Tree plantation Grass should be grown. Arranging the soil horizontally , across the line of slope, soil erosion can be reduced. Bunds should be built to stop the flowing water which prevents the soil running with the water. Soil conservation should be implemented.

Soil Pollution:

Soil Pollution A disturbance in the natural balance of the various factors present in the soil is called soil pollution. Causes: Use of chemicals for agriculture, water let out by the factories, acid rain, green house effect, deforestation, solid waste , household waste, etc.

Prevention of Soil Pollution:

Prevention of Soil Pollution Use natural organic fertilizers rather than chemical fertilizers. Overuse of fertilizers should be avoided. Effluents from factories should be treated properly before being let out. Tree Plantation, Reforestation.

Social forestry:

Social forestry In order to motivate the common man to act upon the need for restoring forests, governement started schemes to plant trees on all possible places . This is called social forestry. The social forestry project of Maharashtra Government is carried out in most schools by teams called “ Harit Sena ”.

Summary::

The various elements in nature affect rocks and cause them to wear and form soil. Soil is of different types based on its colour and texture. The utility of soil depends upon the type of soil. Soil testing helps to find out the good qualities of the soil and also its shortcomings. When the balance between the natural constituents of the soil is lost, the soil is said to be polluted. S ummary:

Moral of the Lesson:

Moral of the Lesson Save Soil… Save our Earth.!

HOPE U ENJOYED LEARNING ….:

HOPE U ENJOYED LEARNI NG ….