Channels for Action of Public Health Vet

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Channels for Action of Public Health Veterinarians

ACADEMIC CHANNELS : 

ACADEMIC CHANNELS

ACADEMIC CHANNELS : 

Veterinary medicine provides apt preparation for a wide variety of academic expressions Growing and diverse veterinary input Human medicine Public health ACADEMIC CHANNELS

ACADEMIC CHANNELS : 

Table 3.1: fields of appointment of veterinarians serving on 100 faculties of human medicine in the US 1972 In 1981, the numbers of veterinarians on American medical school faculties had increased to 406 Michigan State University where is the first in the US to be designed with major emphasis given to close relationships in teaching and research between human and veterinary medicine. ACADEMIC CHANNELS

ACADEMIC CHANNELS : 

In 1962, editorial in the journal of the American Medical Association that …. “… human and veterinary medicine are being drawn closer together in the basic sciences to gain maximum health for man, pets, and farm animals. ” Some special complements to physicians’ ability, skills, and perspectives that veterinarians can contribute. ACADEMIC CHANNELS

ACADEMIC CHANNELS : 

Great advantage could be taken of them particularly in the clinical and community specialities, for as one physician who has worked closely with veterinarians stressed 20 years ago, his “background of clinical knowledge and experience provides …the DVM an opportunity for research in this area which, for the most part, is closed to biologist who have not studied medicine or veterinary medicine” ACADEMIC CHANNELS

ACADEMIC CHANNELS : 

In 1970, WHO committee on multidisciplinary training in the health sciences concluded that more fruitful opportunities for interaction overall existed between human medical and veterinary medical schools than of medical schools with dental schools, pharmacy schools, or nursing schools. Schools of public health afford additional career channels for veterinarians especially interested in the human health implications of their fields. ACADEMIC CHANNELS

ACADEMIC CHANNELS : 

The numbers of veterinarians on North Americans faculties of public health and the fields represented have increased over the past 20 years. (table 3.3) The most traditional area of veterinary inputs have been in fields like epidemiology, microbiology, and environmental health. Pasteur Institutes, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Research (Adelaide Australia), the Hooper Foundation for medical Research, the former Rockefeler Institute, the Wister Institute, and others. ACADEMIC CHANNELS

ACADEMIC CHANNELS : 

Recently, a major cross-professional Institute of Tropical Medicine of both people and animals was established as part of the veterinary medical faculty in Munich. ACADEMIC CHANNELS

MILITARY VETERINARY CHANNELS : 

MILITARY VETERINARY CHANNELS In 1958 the first 3 vet were assigned to the U.S. Air Research and Development Command to undertake studies on flight feeding Air force veterinarian was seconded to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as a physiologist and food technologist He became technical administrator of food program for the Apollo space flight project

MILITARY VETERINARY CHANNELS : 

Another military veterinarians was assigned to the U.S Atomic Energy Commission w/ responsibilities for its contract research programs in food irradiation-perservation, animal nutrition, and irradiation, and related fields. Other unrelated military veterinary responsibilities w/ human health implication of veterinarians on: Epidemiology investigation team Medical laboratory diagnosis MILITARY VETERINARY CHANNELS

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In 1963 U.S. a veterinarian became Director of Pathology Division Army’s Medical Research Laboratory Fort Knox, Kentucky Switzerland A veterinarian has headed the entire military medical laboratory service The most important military animal is becoming the laboratory animal and many military veterinarians have become participants of laboratory animal medicine.

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In 1964, Colonel William Gochenour, the first veterinarians recipient of the Gorgas Medal for research in preventive medicine, was appointed Deputy Director and Deputy Commandant of the Walter Reed Institute. The research is increasingly prominent among the activities of military veterinarians is attested by over one-third of U.S Air Force veterinarians Virology pathology physiology Surgery parasitology Public health Toxicology Radiation biology

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Over a 30-year period U.S military veterinarians have also been members of important research teams in heart surgery Orthopaedics Bioacoustics Biochemistry Radiological health Public health counterparts, prominently involved post-World War II One Army veterinarian was Chief of the Reactor Section of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Beside these officers, other as pathologists, microbiologists, and epidemiologists

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Among the latter, Stewart Madin was director of the U.S Naval Biological Laboratory in Oakland, California, while holding simultaneous appointment as professor of microbiology and experimental pathology in the University of California’s School of Public Health.

MODERN CIVILIAN CHANNELS : 

To protect the animal-powered, agricultural economic base, and animal-dependent civilian transport systems of the increasingly prosperous European states Most of veterinary medicine’s current directions to prevent the human health and other social costs of uncontrolled diseases of food and work animals MODERN CIVILIAN CHANNELS

MODERN CIVILIAN CHANNELS : 

In 1904, Daniel Elmer Salmon, America’s first important veterinary scientist stated that it is not only … the province of veterinary science MODERN CIVILIAN CHANNELS 1) To add in production a supply of animal food of the best quality and in the greatest abundance 2) To protect the sources of this food supply so far as possible from the ravages of communicable diseases 3) To prevent the use of animal food products contaminated by diseases 4) To guard mankind from the plagues and parasites of animals which may be transmitted to the human 5) To make scientific investigations of animal diseases which will advance our knowledge of these diseases and of general pathology

MODERN CIVILIAN CHANNELS : 

MODERN CIVILIAN CHANNELS

TODAY’S VETERINARY PROFESSION : 

The number of veterinarians in the world is only about 273,000 TODAY’S VETERINARY PROFESSION

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Example: the numbers of livestock units per vets range from 300 in Japan to 900,000 in Haiti, and Western Europe alone has more vets (59,000) than does the entire Third World (53,000) Showing in table 3.4-3.7 In 1980, there were 23,000 Japanese vets, only 5201 were in private practice (2171 on food animals, 2975 on small animals, and 55 on zoo animals), while 10,177 worked for government (4871 in animal health, 4630 in public health, and 676 in education) TODAY’S VETERINARY PROFESSION

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Finding solutions for these specific and important problems are: Promotion human health A livestock disease control official A public health vets An academician A researcher or whatever TODAY’S VETERINARY PROFESSION

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TODAY’S VETERINARY PROFESSION Private Practice and Public Service = 70% of the world’s total complement of vets are government official Private veterinary practice in association with livestock production Its essentially automatic human health implication are the very substantial ones relating to human hunger and malnutrition The most obvious channels for concern zoonoses risks to farm families, human and animal health hazards with use of agricultural chemicals

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In the U.S, about 20% of all vets are employed in some form of governmental service including education TODAY’S VETERINARY PROFESSION EPA NASA VA DI State and Commerce DA DOH HS DOD Table 3.8 The specific veterinary activities performed in public health roles (table 3.9)

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TODAY’S VETERINARY PROFESSION International Veterinary Channels The major U.N. employer of vets has been FAO about 8% of field officers are vets but the highest ranking vet is APHD, WHO, PAHO, WHO’s Division of Science and Technology, PAHO’s Division of Disease and Control, UNESCO, U.N. Environmental Program, UNICEF, WB, OAU, IICA …