What Motivates You to Drink??:
What Motivates You to Drink?? The taste? Enjoyment? Relaxation? To unwind? It makes me feel better? I don’t know? To celebrate? To fit in? For confidence? To forget things? To be sociable?
What else influences alcohol use?:
What else influences alcohol use? Many factors Historical: Shapes past experiences Current: Influence at the time decision to drink is made Drinking Motives Alcohol Expectancies
Alcohol Expectancies:
Alcohol Expectancies Often confused with drinking motives Drinking Motives: What a person hopes to achieve by drinking alcohol Alcohol Expectancies: What a person expects to happen after they drink alcohol
Problems with Identifying Distinct Drinking Motives:
Problems with Identifying Distinct Drinking Motives How many and what type of motives influence alcohol use? How were these motives measured? What relationship exists between these motives and alcohol consumption?
Cooper’s (1994) Motivational Model:
Cooper’s (1994) Motivational Model Informed by theorists Cox and Klinger (1988) Distinct Drinking Motives fall along 2 underlying dimensions of the outcomes a person hopes to achieve through alcohol use: Valence (positive or negative) Source (internal or external) Coping, Enhancement, Conformity and Social Motives
Drinking Motives:
Drinking Motives Coping Motives serious alcohol-related problems Enhancement Motives Frequent & heavy users of alcohol Conformity Motives Drink to reduce interaction anxiety & social fears Social Motives Often drink small amounts at social gatherings
How to Safely Manage Drinking Motives:
How to Safely Manage Drinking Motives There are many ways people can manage their alcohol consumption: Men no more than 4 drinks Women no more than 2 drinks 2 alcohol free days a week If people have any concerns they should contact their doctor
References:
References Birch, C. D., Stewart, S. H., Wall, A., McKee, S. A., Eisnor , S. J., & Theakston , J. A. (2004). Mood- induced increases in alcohol expectancy strength in internally motivated drinkers.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviours, 18(3), 231-238. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.18.3.231 Cooper, M. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6(2), 117-128. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.2.117 Cox, W., & Klinger, E. (1988). A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(2), 168-180. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.97.2.168 Healy, J. (Eds.). (2007). How to cut down alcohol consumption from alcohol abuse. Issues in society: Vol. 252. New South Wales: Australia: The Spinny Press Kuntsche , E., Wiers , R. W., Jansen, T., & Gmel , G. (2010). Same wording, distinct concepts? Testing differences between expectancies and motives in a mediation model of alcohol outcomes. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 18(5), 436-444. doi:10.1037/a0019724 Lewis, M. A., Hove, M., Whiteside, U. Lee, C. M., Kirkeby , B. S., Oster -Aaland, L., Neighbors , C., & Larimer , M. E. (2008). Fitting in and feeling fine: Conformity and coping motives as mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and problematic drinking. Psychology of Addictive Behaivours , 22(1), 58-67. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.22.1.58 World Health Organisation. (2011). Global status report on alcohol and health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/msbgsruprofiles.pdf
Images:
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