complex tissue-phloem

Slide 2: 

¯’vqx wUmy¨ wZb cÖKvi 1.mij wUmy¨ 2. RwUj wUï¨ 3. wbtmªvex wUmy¨ RwUj wUï¨ (cwienb wUï¨ ) GKvwaK cÖKvi †Kvl w`‡q MwVZ G wUï¨ cvwb I LwbR jeY cwien†bi KvR K‡i RwUj wUï¨ `yB cÖKvi| h_v- RvB‡jg Ges †d¬v‡qg| RvB‡jg ‡d¬v‡qg K¨v w¤^ qv g RvB‡jg GwU Dw™¢‡`i `„pZv cÖ`vbKvix Ab¨Zg wUï¨| wewfbœ cÖKvi KZ¸‡jv mRxe I g„Z †Kvl Dc`vb w`‡q MwVZ| †d¬v‡qg Drcvw`Z Lv`¨ mvgMÖxK Dw™¢` †`‡ni wewfbœ A‡j msenb K‡i

Slide 3: 

Dcv`vb t †d¬v‡qg Pvi cÖKvi Dcv`‡b MwVZ| h_v t 1. mxfjb ev mxf‡Kvl, 2.m½x‡Kvl, 3.†d¬v‡qg c¨v‡ibKvBgv 4. †d¬v‡qg dvBevi| KvR t GwU cvZvq ˆZwi Lv`¨ Dw™¢‡`i mÂqx I ewa©òy A‡j cwienb K‡i| Lv`¨ mÂq K‡i| Ae¯’vb t ‡Uwi‡WvdvBU I bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i †d¬v‡qg wU輻Z †`Lv hvq| ‡d¬v‡qg-mxfbj

Slide 4: 

(†Uwi‡WvdvBU I bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i †d¬v‡qg wU輻Z †`Lv hvq|) ‰ewkó¨ t mxfb‡ji †Kvl¸‡jv GKwUi Dci Ab¨wU j¤^jw¤^fv‡e ev Lvovfv‡e hy³ _vKvq b‡ji b¨vq †`Lvq| mxfb‡ji †Kvl¸‡jv RxweZ, Z‡e †Kvl¸‡jv‡Z wbDwK¬qvm †bB| mxfb‡ji cÖ¯’cÖvPxi‡K mxf‡cøU e‡j, G‡Z A‡bK¸‡jv wQ`ª i‡q‡Q| Dcv`vb t †d¬v‡qg Pvi cÖKvi Dcv`‡b MwVZ| h_v t 1. mxfjb ev mxf‡Kvl, 2.m½x‡Kvl, 3.†d¬v‡qg c¨v‡ibKvBgv 4. †d¬v‡qg dvBevi| ‡d¬v‡qg- mxfbj ev mxf‡Kvl

Slide 5: 

Dcv`vb t †d¬v‡qg Pvi cÖKvi Dcv`‡b MwVZ| h_v t 1. mxfjb ev mxf‡Kvl, 2.m½x‡Kvl, 3.†d¬v‡qg c¨v‡ibKvBgv 4. †d¬v‡qg dvBevi| kxZKv‡j mxf‡cø‡Ui Dci K¨v‡jvR bvgK Kv‡e©vnvB‡Wª‡Ui cÖ‡jc covq wQ`ª¸‡jv eÜ _v‡K| Gi d‡j †KvlvšÍi ms‡hvM n«vm cvq| cieZ©x emšÍ FZz‡Z wQ`ªc_¸‡jv cybivq Ly‡j hvq Ges †Kvlga¨¯’ †hvMv‡hvM cybtcÖwZwôZ nq| ‡d¬v‡qg- mxfbj ev mxf‡Kvl

Slide 6: 

KvR t mxfbj‡K Lv`¨ cwien‡b mnvh¨ K‡i| KLbI KLbI Lv`¨ mÂq K‡i| ‡d¬v‡qg-m½x‡Kvl Ae¯’vb t cÖvq meai‡bi Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡` m½x‡Kvl _v‡K, e¨³exRx Dw™¢‡` m½x‡Kvl †bB| ‰ewkó¨ t mxfb‡ji mv‡_ Ae¯’w¯’Z j¤^v, miy †Kvl G‡`i †KvlcÖvPxi cvZjv| wQ`ª w`‡q Giv mxfb‡ji mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| G‡`i mvB‡UvcøvRg Lye Nb Ges wbDwK¬qvm eo| Dcv`vb t †d¬v‡qg Pvi cÖKvi Dcv`‡b MwVZ| h_v t 1. mxfjb ev mxf‡Kvl, 2.m½x‡Kvl, 3.†d¬v‡qg c¨v‡ibKvBgv 4. †d¬v‡qg dvBevi|

Slide 7: 

KvR t 1.GwU Lv`¨ cwien‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| 2. KLbI KLbI Lv`¨ mÂq K‡i| ‰ewkó¨ t †d¬v‡q‡g Aew¯’Z c¨v‡ibKvBgv ‡Kvl G‡`i mvB‡UvcøvRg I wbDwK¬qvm i‡q‡Q G‡`i †KvlcÖvPxi cvZjv, †mjy‡jvR wbwg©Z Ges mgvb cyiy| Ae¯’vb t AwaKvsk wØexRcÎx Dw™¢` I †Uwi‡WvdvBU Dw™¢‡` †d¬v‡qg c¨v‡ibKvBgv _v‡K| c¨v‡ibKvBgv ‡d¬v‡qg-c¨v‡ibKvBgvi Dcv`vb t †d¬v‡qg Pvi cÖKvi Dcv`‡b MwVZ| h_v t 1. mxfjb ev mxf‡Kvl, 2.m½x‡Kvl, 3.†d¬v‡qg c¨v‡ibKvBgv 4. †d¬v‡qg dvBevi|

Slide 8: 

‡d¬v‡qg Zš‘/ ‡d¬v‡qg dvBev†ii ‰ewkó¨ t †m‡KÛvwi ‡d¬v‡q‡g Aew¯’Z †¯‹¬‡ibKvBgv wUï¨ †mKvÛvwi e„w×i mgq G dvBevi ˆZwi nq| cwibZ n‡j G‡`i †cÖv‡UvcøvRg _v‡Kbv| cv‡Uui Avuk ev÷ dvBevi| Ae¯’vb t AwaKvsk wØexRcÎx I GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡` †d¬v‡qg Zš‘ †`Lv hvq| wKš‘ ‡Uwi‡WvdvBU I bMœexRx †d¬v‡qg Zš‘ †bB| cvU, kb, wZwm, MvuRv cÖf„wZ Dw™¢‡`i †d¬v‡qg Zš‘y¸‡jv AZ¨šÍ j¤^v‡U| KvR t Dw™¢`‡K `„pZv I hvwš¿K kw³ cÖ`vb K‡i| c‡iv¶fv‡e Lv`¨ cwien‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| ‡d¬v‡qg dvBevi(†¯‹¬‡ibKvBgv) Dcv`vb t †d¬v‡qg Pvi cÖKvi Dcv`‡b MwVZ| h_v t 1. mxfjb ev mxf‡Kvl, 2.m½x‡Kvl, 3.†d¬v‡qg c¨v‡ibKvBgv 4. †d¬v‡qg dvBevi|

Slide 9: 

†d¬v‡qgt KvR I Rb¥m~‡Î Awfbœ wKš‘ AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZ‡Z wfbœ †h wUï¨ mgwó Drcvw`Z Lv`¨ mvgMÖx‡K Dw™¢` †`‡ni wewfbœ A‡j msen‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i †m wUï¨ mwgó‡K GKwÎZfv‡e †d¬v‡qg e‡j| bvgKibY t 1858 mv‡j bv‡Mjx cÖ_‡g †d¬v‡qg bvgwU e¨envi K‡ib| KvR I Rb¥m~‡Î Awfbœ wKš‘ AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZ‡Z wfbœ Drcvw`Z Lv`¨ mvgMÖx‡K Dw™¢` †`‡ni wewfbœ A‡j msenb K‡i we¯Í…wZ I Ae¯’vb t mKj fv¯‹zjvi Dw™¢‡` RvB‡jg wUï¨i mv‡_ †d¬v‡qg wUï¨I we`¨gvb| cÖvq mg¯Í Kv‡Û †d¬v‡q‡gi Ae¯’vb RvB‡j‡gi evB‡ii w`‡K| wKš‘ KwZcq Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae cÖf„wZ Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` †Mv‡Îi Kv‡Û †d¬v‡q‡gi Ae¯’vb RvB‡j‡gi †fZ‡ii w`‡K| RvB‡jg ‡d¬v‡qg

Slide 10: 

‡d¬v‡q‡gi KvR cwienb t †d¬v‡qg cvZvq ˆZwi Lv`¨ Dw™¢‡`i mÂqx I ewa©òz A‡j cwienb K‡i| Lv`¨ mÂq t †d¬v‡qg c¨vivKvBgv cÖ‡qvR‡b Lv`¨ mÂq K‡i| `„pZv cÖ`vb t †d¬v‡qg dvBevi †d¬v‡qg wU輻K Z_v Dw™¢` A½‡K `„pZv cÖ`vb K‡i|