the crusades 1 - christendom in the eleventh century

Friday 17th September - Tori Smith : 

Friday 17th September - Tori Smith Christendom In The Eleventh Century Mappa Mundi from Jean Mansel’s La Fleur des Histoires, 1459-1463

In The Next Two Sessions... : 

In The Next Two Sessions... We’ll meet celebrities.... ... Maybe even win some celebrity goodies... ... We’ll have a lost weekend at Glastonbury... ... And even a package holiday to Spain!

Who Said the Eleventh Century was Still in the Dark Ages? : 

Who Said the Eleventh Century was Still in the Dark Ages? Monty Python and the Holy Grail, 1975

Aims & Objectives : 

Aims & Objectives Aims: To help students understand the origins of the Catholic Church in Europe To explore the image of crusading in modern times To introduce students to Europe at the end of the 11th century Objectives: By the end of the session you should be able to 1. Summarise the origins of the Catholic church in Medieval Europe 2. Describe what life was like in 11th century Europe 3. Evaluate the image of crusading in modern times

Contemporary Views of the Crusades : 

Contemporary Views of the Crusades

Physical & Mental Boundaries : 

Physical & Mental Boundaries This map of the world dates from around 1275 and is taken from the Chronique De St Denis Medieval Catholics believed that Jerusalem was the physical centre of the world as well as the spiritual centre

Physical Boundaries : 

Physical Boundaries Medieval Europe c. 900 - 1350

The Mental Boundaries : 

The Mental Boundaries “The Three Orders”

The Church of Rome : 

The Church of Rome The War In Heaven, 1320, from The Cloister Collection, New York Catholicism predominant religion in Western Europe Spiritual head of the Catholic Church is the Pope ‘the father’ Popes were noblemen as well as holy men and astute politicians Church permeated every part of Medieval life: work, rest and play Church preached that humans were basically sinful beings destined for Hell unless they led exemplary lives – almost impossible!

Holy Roman Emperor : 

Holy Roman Emperor The Holy Roman Emperor was the most powerful secular ruler in Christendom The position had first been created for Charlemagne in 800 and traditionally was bestowed upon the Germanic kings of Europe However, Pope and Emperor did not always get on well: both believed they were most powerful than the other and often refused to obey each other At the end of the 11th century German king Henry IV was Emperor – he became the Pope’s arch-rival over an event historians have termed the Investiture Controversy

The Nobility : 

The Nobility English Medieval Knight, circa 1200 Noble – from the Latin term for ‘notable’ or ‘well known’ The nobility were people who held secular status and power in Medieval Europe: Kings, Barons, Earls and Knights Nobles were ‘vassals’ and owed ‘allegiance’ to their overlord. In return for land and titles a nobleman was honour-bound to provide military aid to his ruler The privileges of land and titles were ‘hereditary’ and passed down through the family, from father to son

Warriors or Bandits? : 

Warriors or Bandits?

The Workers : 

The Workers Merchants At The Fair, St Denis, c. 1300 This was the lowest level of society but the most complicated: many different types of workers in Medieval Europe Merchants were the highest level: successful merchants could be as rich and powerful as noblemen Serfs were the lowest rank in the working order, no better than slaves. As nobles owed service to their ruler, serfs owed their livelihood to their local lord Life was hard at this level of society and the average life expectancy was mid 30s

Islam : 

Islam A Moslem doctor treats his patient Islam is the religion of the Moslem people: second largest faith in the Medieval world They believe in God but not that Jesus was divine. Instead they favour a prophet called Mohammed Moslem faith predominant in Middle East, North Africa and Spain More scientifically and technologically advanced than Western Europeans at the end of the 11th century The rise of the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century had made Islam a force to be reckoned with

Byzantium : 

Byzantium Justinian, the first emperor of the Byzantine Empire Byzantium was the kingdom that lay between the East and the West, in what is modern day Turkey Byzantium was a Christian kingdom but had developed its own version, called Orthodox Christianity Did not view the Pope as the spiritual leader of the Church, Instead looked to the Patriarch of Constantinople as their secular and spiritual leader Historically Byzantium had held good relations with the Moslem world but the incursion of the Seljuk Turks had led to the loss of much Byzantine territory and they were afraid of being conquered completely

Holy War? : 

Holy War? versus

Aims & Objectives? : 

Aims & Objectives? By the end of the session you should be able to Summarise the origins of the Catholic church in Medieval Europe Evaluate the image of crusading in modern times Describe what life was like in 11th century Europe

Homework For Next Session... : 

Homework For Next Session... Complete the worksheet – you may need to conduct some research of your own to answer the questions!