Greeks

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The ancient Greeks developed three distinctive, carefully proportioned styles of columns—the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. The Doric column, first used in the 7th century bc, has no base, and the heavy shaft is tapered upward to the capital. The surface of the shaft, which has a slight convex curve, is indented with shallow, vertical channelings or flutings, features also found in the Ionic and Corinthian orders. The Doric capital consists mainly of an undecorated, square slab resting on a rounded disc of stone that tapers down to the top of the shaft. In the 6th century bc the Ionic order was introduced into Greece from Asia. The Ionic column, which is more tapered than the Doric, rises from a richly molded circular base. The capital is distinguished by projecting stone spirals known as volutes. In the 4th century bc the Corinthian order was introduced as a variant of the Ionic. The Corinthian shaft is slender, and the capital is carved in the shape of an inverted bell, ornately decorated with volutes and acanthus leaves. Three Greek columns

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The most famous period of ancient Greek civilization is called the Classical Age, which lasted from about 480 to 323 bc. During this period, ancient Greeks reached their highest prosperity and produced amazing cultural accomplishments. Unlike most other peoples of the time, Greeks of the Classical Age usually were not ruled by kings. Greek communities treasured the freedom to govern themselves, although they argued about the best way to do that and often warred against each other. What Greek communities shared were their traditions of language, religion, customs, and international festivals, such as the ancient Olympic Games. The city-states of ancient Greece fell to Roman conquerors in 146 bc. When Rome split in the 4th century ad, Greece became part of its eastern half, the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. (For a discussion of modern Greece, which came into existence in the early 19th century, see Greece.) Ancient Greece

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Alexander The Great The reign of Alexander the Great opened a new era in World History that historians call the Hellenistic Age. The Hellenistic Age extends from the accession of Alexander III as king of Macedon in 336 bc to the Roman conquest of Egypt, about 30 bc. For most of these three centuries, a series of Macedonian-ruled kingdoms dominated the Mediterranean and Middle East. Greeks and Greek culture enjoyed unprecedented prestige throughout this vast region. Art and literature flourished, and Greek scientists made discoveries and formulated theories that remained central to Western and Islamic science until the scientific revolution of the 18th century. Few historical eras have left so rich a legacy. Made By: Katrin & Charlene Camilleri