Upconversion, Downconversion, Electron Trapping

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Slide1: 

ground state 2nd excited state 1st excited state hυ hυ hυ’ (υ’ > υ) Up conversion

Slide2: 

excited state ground state hυ hυ’ (υ’ < υ) Down conversion

Slide3: 

excited state ground state electron trap Electron Trap