The Importance of Infant Screening

The Importance of Infant Screening : 

The Importance of Infant Screening Produced as a class project at WKU for CFS 294 - Fall, 2009 By Thelma Newsom

There are many reasons for infant screenings! : 

There are many reasons for infant screenings! What is the importance of Infant Screening?

What is Infant screening? : 

What is Infant screening? Relatively quick preliminary evaluation Used to determine if a child should be referred for more in-depth assessment practice of testing every newborn for certain harmful or potentially fatal disorders that aren't otherwise apparent at birth

Efficiency is the Drawback of Infant Screenings : 

Efficiency is the Drawback of Infant Screenings Full evaluations are costly in terms of time and money Screening tools are less accurate than follow-up assessment Overlooks many children who might benefit from special services

Reasons you may be concerned about your baby’s growth or development : 

Reasons you may be concerned about your baby’s growth or development No improvement in head control No attempts to lift the head when laying facedown Extreme floppiness Lack of response to sounds or visual cues, such as loud noises or bright lights Inability to focus on a caregiver’s eyes Poor weight gain Every baby is different but your instincts can be right!!

Why do we use a trained professional to screen infants? : 

Why do we use a trained professional to screen infants? Trained observation of strengths and weaknesses of each child!!

A Trained professional………. : 

A Trained professional………. Will offer several types of screening for your infant at their well baby routine visits. They can screen for problems with health, vision, hearing, and development.

What types of screenings are there : 

What types of screenings are there 1.) Developmental Screenings 2.) Hearing and Vision Screenings 3.) Health Screenings

At What age is your child screened : 

At What age is your child screened Birth 2 months 4 months 6 months 12 months 15 months 18 months Age for well baby check-ups Age for hearing screenings 18 months or earlier if child has ear infections

Some routine tests are…… : 

Some routine tests are…… Phenylketonuria (PKU) Galactosemia Sickle-cell anemia Thyroid defiency or Neonatal Hypothyroidism APGAR Cystic fibrosis Glucose – 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Human immunodefiency disease (HIV) Blood is collected from a heel stick and repeated in two weeks for some of these tests babies are given a clean bill of health, early diagnosis and proper treatment can make the difference between lifelong impairment and healthy development.

What are Developmental Screenings? : 

What are Developmental Screenings?

Developmental Screening? : 

Developmental Screening? Early recognition of any developmental concerns will help an infant grow up in the most superlative growing experience possible.

Developmental Screenings……… : 

Developmental Screenings……… Use of growth charts and national guidelines to compare how the infant ranks in comparison to other infants their age group Social/Emotional evaluations Language evaluations Fine motor skills Gross motor skills

Social Emotional evaluations…. : 

Social Emotional evaluations…. Show how well a child interacts with others Can take care of his or her own needs Regulates his or her emotions and behaviors

Language evaluations…….. : 

Language evaluations…….. How well a child listens to language How well a child responds to language How well they use vocabulary and grammar shows interest in books, prints, music and his or her surroundings

Speech milestones from birth : 

Speech milestones from birth By the end of three months: Smile when you appear Startle upon hearing loud sounds Make “cooing” sounds Quiet or smile when spoken to Seem to recognize your voice Cry differently for different needs

Speech milestones from birth : 

Speech milestones from birth By the end of six months: Make gurgling sounds when playing with you or left alone Babble repetitive syllables, such as “ba,ba,ba” Use his or her voice to express pleasure and displeasure Move his or her eyes in the direction of sounds Respond to changes in the tone of your voice Notice that some toys make sounds Pay attention to music

Speech milestones from birth : 

Speech milestones from birth By the end of twelve months: Try to imitate words Say a few words, such as “dada,” “mama” and “uh-oh” Understand simple instructions, such as “Please drink your milk” Understand “No” Turn and look in the direction of sounds

Speech milestones from birth : 

Speech milestones from birth By the end of eighteen months: Point to an object or picture when it’s named Recognize names of familiar people, objects and body parts Follow simple directions accompanied by gestures Say up to ten words

Speech Milestones from birth : 

Speech Milestones from birth By the end of twenty-four months: Ask for common foods by name Use simple phrases, such as “more milk” Begin to use pronouns, such as ‘mine” Ask one to- to two-word questions, such as “go bye-bye?” Follow simple commands without the help of gestures Say more words every month Speak 50 words and understand more Be difficult to understand

Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings : 

Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings Cleft lip or cleft palate Circumoral pallor Lip movement asymmetrical Reflexes absent or incomplete Protruding tongue

Fine motor/ adaptive skills : 

Fine motor/ adaptive skills Child’s ability to use small muscle’s Ability to use hand eye coordination movements Problem solve

Gross motor skills…….. : 

Gross motor skills…….. Is the child’s ability to use his or her large muscles (rolling over, sitting, jumping)

How you cAn support developmental screenings? : 

How you cAn support developmental screenings? Sharing information with your child’s health care professional Asking about any concerns you may have Following recommendations you may have Scheduling additional evaluations

Hearing and vision screenings… : 

Hearing and vision screenings… Identify hearing and vision deficits that may interfere with development and learning Must be detected and treated very early

Eyes : 

Eyes Expected findings Slate gray or blue eye colorNo tearsFixation at times - with ability to follow objects to midlineRed reflexBlink reflexDistinct eyebrowsCornea bright and shinyPupils equal and reactive to light

Should I Request Additional Tests? : 

Should I Request Additional Tests? Why Should I Request Additional Tests? If you have a family history of an inherited disorder? Have you previously given birth to a child who's affected by a disorder? Did an infant in your family die because of a suspected metabolic disorder? Do you have another reason to believe that your child may be at risk for a certain condition?

Health screenings………. : 

Health screenings………. Usually take place as a well child check-up Child care professional weighs and measure your child (length weight and head circumference) Head to toe exam Asks about illnesses and healthy habits Ensures child’s immunizations are up to date Administer vaccinations

What do they mean by baby measurements? : 

What do they mean by baby measurements? Head to toe exam: Head Ears Eyes Mouth Skin Heart and lungs Abdomen Hips and legs Genitalia

Vital Signs : 

Vital Signs Temperature - range 36.5 to 37 axillary Common variations Crying may elevate temperatureStabilizes in 8 to 10 hours after delivery Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings Temperature is not reliable indicator of infectionA temperature less than 36.5

Vital Signs : 

Vital Signs Heart rate - range 120 to 160 beats per minute Common variations Heart rate range to 100 when sleeping to 180 when cryingColor pink with acrocyanosisHeart rate may be irregular with crying Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings Although murmurs may be due to transitional circulation-all murmursshould be followed-up and referred for medical evaluationDeviation from rangeFaint sound

Vital signs con’t…… : 

Vital signs con’t…… Respiration - range 30 to 60 breaths per minute Common variations Bilateral bronchial breath soundsMoist breath sounds may be present shortly after birth Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings

Vital signs con’t…… : 

Vital signs con’t…… Asymmetrical chest movementsApnea >15 secondsDiminished breath soundsSeesaw respirationsGruntingNasal flaringRetractionsDeep sighingTachypnea - respirations > 60Persistent irregular breathingExcessive mucusPersistant fine cracklesStridor

General growth guidelines for your baby: : 

General growth guidelines for your baby: Birth to 6 months a baby may grow 1/2 to 1 inch a month and gain 5 to 7 ounces a week. Expect your baby to double his or her birth weight by ages 5 to 6 months.

General growth guidelines for your baby: : 

General growth guidelines for your baby: a baby may grow 3/8 inch a month gain 3 to 5 ounces a week. Expect your baby to double his or her birth height and triple his or her birth weight by age 1. 6 to 12 months

A list of Childhood vaccinations : 

A list of Childhood vaccinations AGE Vaccine Birth-2 months 1-4 months 2 months 4 months 6 months 6-18 months 12-15 months 15-18 months 24 months-18 years Hepatitis B Hepatitis B DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV DTaP, Hib, PCV Hepatitis B, IPV Hib, MMR, PCV DTaP Hepatitis A (in select areas)

Slide 38: 

You can help your baby by: -holding your baby Offer nutritious foods -provide physical activities for your child -schedule resting periods within your daily routine -plan time to spend together to read, sing, talk, and play to support your child’s brain development

Slide 39: 

http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/ Right click and highlight on one of the links below to access a website that will allow you to plot your own child’s growth chart http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3afile=viv_iO9AH2&server=search3.nlm.nih.gov&v:state=root%7Croot-50-10%7C0&

The Importance of Infant Screenings!!!!! : 

The Importance of Infant Screenings!!!!! Produced as a class project at WKU for CFS 294 - Fall, 2009 By Thelma Newsom

Bibliography : 

Bibliography Angela Perry, M. (2001). American Medical Association Guide to Talking to Your Doctor. New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .   Daniel Rauch, M. F. (2009, May 11). MedLine Plus. Retrieved December 2009, from www.medlineplus.gov: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007257.htm   Driscoll, A., & Nagel, N. G. (2008). Early Childhood Education, Birth-8 (4th edition ed.). Boston, New York, San Francisco: Pearson and AB.   Howard, V. F., Williams, B. F., & Lepper, C. (2005). Very Young Children with Special Needs (3rd edition ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey; Columbus, Ohio: Pearson, Merrill Prentice Hall.   Jay L. Hoecker, M. (n.d.). mayoclinic.com. Retrieved December 2009, from Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.com   KidsHealth.com. (2009). Retrieved December 2009, from The Nemours Foundation. National Center on Birth defects and Developmental Disabilities. (2005, September 20). Retrieved December 2009, from National Center on Birth defects and Developmental Disabilities: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/child/devtool.htm   Resick, L. K. (1996). CCIT staff, Duquesne University. Retrieved December 2009, from http://www.nursing.duq.edu/newborn/