Kyoto Protocol

Outline on kyoto Protocol : 

Outline on kyoto Protocol BY: AMIT KANSARA

What is Kyoto Protocol? : 

What is Kyoto Protocol? The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), aimed at fighting global warming. The UNFCCC is an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

Birth of Kyoto Protocol : 

Birth of Kyoto Protocol The Protocol was initially adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and entered into force on 16 February 2005. As of November 2009, 187 states have signed and ratified the protocol.

Functionality : 

Functionality 37 industrialized countries (called "Annex I countries") commit themselves to a reduction of four greenhouse gases (GHG) (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride) and two groups of gases (hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons) produced by them, and all member countries give general commitments.

Functionality : 

Functionality Annex I countries agreed to reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% from the 1990 level. In addition to the industrial gases, chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are dealt with under the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The benchmark 1990 emission levels were accepted by the Conference of the Parties of UNFCCC.

Functionality : 

Functionality The Protocol allows for several "flexible mechanisms", such as emissions trading, the clean development mechanism (CDM) and joint implementation to allow Annex I countries to meet their GHG emission limitations by purchasing GHG emission reductions credits from elsewhere, through financial exchanges.

Functionality : 

Functionality Each Annex I country is required to submit an annual report of inventories of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from sources and removals from sinks under UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. These countries nominate a person (called a "designated national authority") to create and manage its greenhouse gas inventory.

Functionality : 

Functionality Virtually all of the non-Annex I countries have also established a designated national authority to manage its Kyoto obligations, specifically the "CDM process" that determines which GHG projects they wish to propose for accreditation by the CDM Executive Board.

Top-five emitters : 

Top-five emitters What follows is a ranking of the world's top five emitters of GHGs for 2005 (MNP, 2007). China1 – 17%, 5.8 United States3 – 16%, 24.1 European Union-273 – 11%, 10.6 Indonesia2 - 6%, 12.9 India – 5%, 2.1

Top emitters by region : 

Top emitters by region

Summary : 

Summary Kyoto Protocol is basically built to fight against global warming by putting control on the immense amount of increasing pollution in the world. Of course, we do not have control over the nature, but still we can control it by putting efforts towards reducing pollution caused by mankind.

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