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Dr. Hervey Kimball on Hand and Wrist Injuries in the Workplace, New England Baptist Hospital October 26, 2011

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Hand & Wrist Disorders in Workplace Injuries October 26, 2011: 

Hand & Wrist Disorders in Workplace Injuries October 26, 2011 Hervey L. Kimball MD, MS Hand Surgical Associates Occupational Medicine Center

Hand & Wrist Disorders in Workplace Injuries October 26, 2011: 

Hervey L. Kimball MD, MS Hand Surgical Associates Occupational Medicine Center Hand & Wrist Disorders in Workplace Injuries October 26, 2011

Outline: 

Outline Workplace injuries Compressive neuropathy Soft tissue disorders Tendinopathies Ganglion Fractures / Traumatic injuries

Workplace Disorders: 

Workplace Disorders Different than Non-Work Related Causes Psychosocial factors Job issues Treatment

Workplace Disorders: 

Workplace Disorders Surgery less successful More Pain = Less Gain

Slide 7: 

BLS year 2005

Workplace Disorders: 

Workplace Disorders Treatments: Education Expectations Attempt work prior to surgery ? permanent job modification

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: 

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Hand Paresthesias Median nerve distribution Night symptoms Intermittent Hand / forearm pain

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: 

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Incidence 3% women, 2% men Risk Factors Female Age: older BMI Diabetes Biopsychosocial

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: 

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Non-operative treatment Intermittent symptoms No atrophy Normal or Mild abnormal NCS

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: 

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Non-operative Treatment Job modification Wrist splints Steroid injection 60-80% respond may recur 2-4 months

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: 

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Operative Treatment Endoscopic vs. Open Indications Failed conservative mgmt. Atrophy ≥ Moderate rating by NCS

Carpal Tunnel Release: 

Carpal Tunnel Release

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: 

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Return to work May depend on job Agee ASSH 2 weeks average endoscopic 4 weeks average open Early Outcome and Cost-Effectiveness of Endoscopic Versus Open Carpal Tunnel Release: A Randomized Prospective Trial J Hand Surg [Br] October 2003 28: 444-449

Carpal Tunnel Release: 

Carpal Tunnel Release Non Work Related Work Related Numbness Resolves Persists Discomfort Resolves 3-8 weeks Persists Scar Tenderness 3-6 months Persists Strength Returns 6 month Persists Return to work* 2-4 weeks 6 weeks

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis: 

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis First extensor compartment Radial side wrist Pain Swelling

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis: 

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis Finkelstein’s Test

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis: 

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis Incidence Women > Men 8:1 in some reports Risk Factors Combination of factors : some evidence Post partum

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis: 

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis Splinting NSAIDs Ultrasound Cortisone injection

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis: 

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis Surgical Release

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis: 

deQuervain’s Tenosynovitis Post op 1 to 3 weeks splinting Tendon gliding, avoid maximal flexion Return to work

Trigger Finger: 

Trigger Finger Inflammation at tendon sheath Digit Pain Swelling Locking

Trigger Finger: 

Trigger Finger Incidence 2-3% population Risk Factors Female Diabetes 10% incidence Combination of factors

Trigger Finger: 

Trigger Finger Splinting NSAIDs Cortisone Injection Surgical Release

Trigger Finger: 

Trigger Finger Post op Early ROM Return to work Job dependent days to 3 weeks Complications recurrence stiffness

Wrist Ganglion: 

Wrist Ganglion Cyst from joint or tendon sheath Joint stress Capsular tear Mucoid degeneration

Wrist Ganglion: 

Wrist Ganglion 1-2 cm mass Most painless Size may change

Wrist Ganglion: 

Wrist Ganglion Firm mass May be tender Mild decrease in ROM Grip strength Trans illumination

Wrist Ganglion: 

Wrist Ganglion Occult Ganglia Dorsal wrist pain MRI Associated with scapholunate lig. dorsal tear

Wrist Ganglion: 

Wrist Ganglion Splinting Aspiration Sheath 60 to 70% Dorsal 30 to 50% Volar < 30%

Wrist Ganglion Excision: 

Wrist Ganglion Excision Gold standard 1 to 10% recur Short term post-op splint

Wrist Ganglion Excision: 

Wrist Ganglion Excision Return to work 2 to 8 weeks Complications scar stiffness neurovascular injury carpal instability

Arthroscopic Ganglion Excision: 

Arthroscopic Ganglion Excision

Arthroscopic Ganglion Excision: 

Arthroscopic Ganglion Excision

TFCC Injuries: 

TFCC Injuries Traumatic Fall in pronation Twisting Peripheral location

TFCC Injuries: 

TFCC Injuries Degenerative Ulnar positive Central location

TFCC Anatomy: 

TFCC Anatomy T riangular F ibro c artilage C omplex

TFCC Injuries: 

TFCC Injuries Ulnar wrist pain + / - clicking Point tenderness Fovea sign Pain with rotation Pronated grip

TFCC Injuries: 

TFCC Injuries Diagnosis MRI Arthrogram

TFCC Injuries: 

TFCC Injuries Acute Tears Cast 4- 6 weeks Chronic Splint / cast Cortisone injection

TFCC Injuries: 

TFCC Injuries Surgery Acute instability DRUJ Fracture of styloid Failed conservative tx.

TFCC surgery: 

TFCC surgery

TFCC surgery: 

TFCC surgery

TFCC Injuries: 

TFCC Injuries Peripheral tear repair 4 weeks cast without rotation Splint and therapy Chronic tear debrided Splint / cast 3 weeks Therapy

Wrist Fractures: 

Wrist Fractures 1/6 th of all fractures treated in ED 15% of all fractures in adults Workplace incidence 25% female 75% male Fall most common Labor / transportation / handler USDL 1995

Distal Radius Fractures: 

Distal Radius Fractures Most common wrist fracture Fall on outstretched arm

Distal Radius Fractures: 

Distal Radius Fractures Deformity Pain, swelling, paresthesias

Distal Radius Fractures: 

Distal Radius Fractures

Distal Radius Fractures: 

Distal Radius Fractures

Distal Radius Fractures: 

Distal Radius Fractures Nonoperative Cast 4-6 weeks Closed Reduction Long arm cast Monitor for displacement

Distal Radius Fractures: 

Distal Radius Fractures Surgery Displaced Unstable pattern Neurovascular injury

Distal Radius Fractures: 

Distal Radius Fractures

Distal Radius Fractures: 

Distal Radius Fractures Post op: Splint / cast ≤ 4 weeks Therapy ROM / Strengthening Return to work 2 to 4 months if laborer

Slide 57: 

younger age higher education higher income strong social support employment not physically demanding Receipt of disability compensation had a strong negative effect on RTW

Work Related Disorders: 

Work Related Disorders Primary muscloskeletal disorders with…. Secondary psychosocial & economic issues

Work Related Disorders: 

Work Related Disorders Multi-specialty involvement Physicians Therapists Case managers Improved outcomes Facilitate return to work Manage conflicts