logging in or signing up renewables lecture - garth tayibmanan140 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 151 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: August 19, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: jangabor (20 month(s) ago) I would like a copy of your renewable energy lecture slides. Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Renewable Energy : Renewable Energy Garth Ratcliffe Department of Environmental and Geographical sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Specific Questions : Specific Questions What are the current and projected UK energy (fuel + electricity) demands? How is the demand for electricity currently being generated? In the future? What contribution can renewable energy make to future fuel and electricity needs? UK Energy Demands 2000 : UK Energy Demands 2000 Data from DTI Energy Statistics 2000 How are energy needs supplied? : How are energy needs supplied? Source –DTI energy Statistics Present EnergyResources : Present EnergyResources Fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas are all of limited amounts. Cant be replaced. Nuclear fuels -limited amounts of uranium for nuclear fission reactors but reprocessing of fuel possible. Difficult to estimate how long these fuels will last - but is it sustainable economically or environmentally? How much energy is needed? : How much energy is needed? DTI Energy Statistics for 2000 308,332 GWh of electricity was distributed to 29.068 million consumers. i.e. on average, each consumer used 10, 607 kwh of electricity. In 2000, the total energy consumed in the domestic sector of the UK was 46,833 thousands tons of oil equivalent. Dividing this value by the number of consumers and converting to kwh gives the average amount of energy used per household as 18,737 kwh. Sustainable situation : Sustainable situation Renewable energy resources are being replaced / generated at the same rate that they are being utilised. Hence they will last indefinitely. Renewable Energy : Renewable Energy What is renewable energy? What forms does it take? Why is it needed? Targets exist for renewable energy to generate 10% of electricity by 2010 and 20% by 2020! Can these be achieved? What forms of renewable energy will deliver these targets? Electricity Generation by Renewables : Electricity Generation by Renewables Source – DTi Energy statistics 2000 Generating Capacity of Renewable Plants : Generating Capacity of Renewable Plants The DTI List of Renewable Resources : The DTI List of Renewable Resources Wind, Wave and Hydro Power Photovoltaics Active Solar Heating Municipal and General Wastes Landfill Gas Geothermal Agricultural and Forestry Wastes Energy Crops Fuel Cells Slide 12: Other Renewables Nuclear Combined Cycle Gas Turbine GasTurbine Coal Forms of Renewable Energy : Forms of Renewable Energy All sources of energy ultimately come from the sun. This is particularly obvious in the case of renewable energies. Renewable Energy Utilisation 2000 : Renewable Energy Utilisation 2000 Source – DTI Energy Statistics 2000 Solar Radiation : Solar Radiation solar heating panels/passive solar power generation solar cells / photovoltaic cells Solar cells : Solar cells convert light into a small electrical output -milliwatts output. need a bank/array of cells for useful output. cost of cells is high but reducing. efficiency of cells is up to 23%/ improving. Solar Panels : Solar Panels are situated on roof of building. absorb heat in the form of radiation from sun. basically system is like a domestic central heating radiator painted black/insulated. provides “topping up” of domestic hot water. Photovoltaics on Buildings : Photovoltaics on Buildings PV arrays, generating around 54kW (peak) with a total area of 430m2, form the sloping glazed roofs of the atrium spaces in the four main buildings. Ove Arup has designed the system to match the annual electricity demand of the supply and extractor fans, effectively providing zero-energy ventilation systems. Solar Roof tiles(Solar Grants now available) : Solar Roof tiles(Solar Grants now available) Integrated solar tiles installed by Solar Century on a current development in Milton Keynes by English partnership and Bloor homes Roof mounted solar panels (Solar century) Innovative SunSlates installation by Solar century for Liang Homes Solar Power Generation : Solar Power Generation located in desert/high intensity/long sunlight hours parabolic mirrors reflect/focus sun’s rays onto metal water pipe located along focal axis of mirrors. High temperature produced - steam - electrical power generated Wind Turbines : Wind Turbines Location of UKWind Clusters : Location of UKWind Clusters Windpower : Windpower Each windturbine can produce between 1/4 and 2 MW of electrical power. Windfarm needs to be located where there is a relatively high average wind speed. Advantages? Disadvantages? Calculation of number of households supplied by a windfarm : Calculation of number of households supplied by a windfarm Assume 24 windturbines each generating 0.25 MW for 70% of time. In a year this amounts to 3.66 x 107kwhr. If this figure is divided by average amount of electricity used by a consumer ie 10,607 kwhr in a year, Answer is 3600 consumers. But 166 of these wind farms = 1000Mw power station! Offshore Wind Turbines : Offshore Wind Turbines Offshore Wind Cluster Features : Offshore Wind Cluster Features Larger average wind speed than onshore Easier planning consent Technical expertise exists from oil rig experience Suitable location Offshoresites : Offshoresites Hydroelectric : Hydroelectric Currently largest source of electricity from renewables. Needs guaranteed supply of water. Galloway-West of Scotland - series of lochs and rivers-cascade of flowing water. Kinetic energy of water rotates turbines which generate electricity. Tidal Power : Tidal Power Located at some coastal sites - usually estuaries and bays with large tidal range. Shape of coastal site above and below sea level determines range eg Bay of Funday, Severn. At high tide reservoir of water is created which is allowed to ebb through turbines located in dam. Expensive construction. Wave Power : Wave Power Land Installed Marine Powered Energy Transformer on Islay, West Coast of Scotland. Wavegen Co. LIMPET provides 500kW of electricity for the National Grid Three floating wave power stations at Lewis/1 MW each Biomass : Biomass cycle of sunlight - photosynthesis - plant growth - absorption of CO2 - emission of O2. combustion of wood - heat some plants - alcohol decomposition - methane/landfill gas/fuel for heating. Woodburning Electricity Generation : ARBRE is the first commercial wood-burning plant of its type in Europe. It produces enough electricity for 33,000 people from clean and sustainable wood fuel sources. The plant has a 10MW electricity generating capacity and 8MW is exported to the local grid. The fuel for the plant is wood chips from forestry and short rotation coppice. Woodburning Electricity Generation Coppice harvesting : Short rotation coppice harvesting for ARBRE wood-fuelled power station. As trees grow they store energy from the sun in their biomass. At ARBRE’s power plant the energy stored in the biomass is converted to electricity. Coppice harvesting First Renewables Ltd Straw Burning Power Plant : Straw Burning Power Plant Elean Power station near Ely,Cambridgeshire generates 36MW of electricity and is the worlds largest such facility. It supplies 80,000 homes with electricity. Lorry leaving plant after delivering straw Biomass Plant in Fife : Biomass Plant in Fife Plant burns poultry litter and produces 10MW of electricity and fertiliser Fluidised bed boiler ensures efficient burning and low emissions Landfill Gas : Landfill Gas Landfill gas, Dorset 1MW generator at Buckden- Biogas Association SCENARIO STUDIES : SCENARIO STUDIES Suggest that delivering 10% of electricity from renewables by 2010 at a cost of 3.5 p/kwh is feasible Requires 3-4 GW new plant Dominant technologies – 1) Waste (Municipal/industrial/agricultural) 2) Remainder – landfill gas + hydro (small scale) 3) Longer term - photovoltaics Conclusions : Conclusions Major difficulties in attaining target of 10% of electricity generated by renewables by 2010 Main contributors to this target will be :- Offshore and Onshore windfarms/clusters Biomass/wood, straw, etc Photovoltaic But policies like Climate Change Levy and the Renewables Obligation will help establish renewables. Relevant Websites : Relevant Websites www.dti.gov.uk/industries_energy (for energy statistics, indicators, new and renewable energy) www.cabinet -office.gov.uk/innovation/2000/energy/energyscope.shtml www.offshorewindfarms.co.uk www.britishwindenergy.co.uk www.bwea.com www.energy-efficiency.gov.uk www.guardian.co.uk/renewables Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Resources(Miller, Chapter 17) : Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Resources(Miller, Chapter 17) Environmental Studies 001 with Dr. Trulio Solutions:We have the answers! : Solutions:We have the answers! Energy Efficiency! (Miller Ch. 17) 43% of energy in the US is wasted unnecessarily Incandescent bulb=5% efficient Fluorescent bulb=20% efficient Auto fleet standards = CAFE Standards (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) 12.9 mpg in 1974 27.9 mpg today 40 mpg CAFE standard would cut gas use by 50% Efficiencies : Efficiencies Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency : Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency Insulation Eliminate air leaks Air to air heat exchangers Efficient appliances Efficient electric motors High-efficiency lighting Increasing fuel economy Solutions:We have the answers! : Solutions:We have the answers! Renewable Energy Resources! Biomass Hydroelectric power Geothermal Solar—passive and active Wind generation Hydrogen power Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity : Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity Passive solar heating Active solar heating Using Solar Energy to Provide High-Temperature Heat and Electricity : Using Solar Energy to Provide High-Temperature Heat and Electricity Solar thermal systems Photovoltaic (PV) cells Solar Cell Trade-Offs Producing Electricity from Moving Water : Producing Electricity from Moving Water Large-scale hydropower Small-scale hydropower 50% of West Coast electricity 7% of US electricity 20% of World’s electricity Major environmental impacts High construction costs Impacts of hydropower on salmon and other riverine spp. : Impacts of hydropower on salmon and other riverine spp. Pollution Disruption of water flow Loss of biodiversity Invasive species Impacts of hydropower on Species and People_______________ : Impacts of hydropower on Species and People_______________ Dams can provide many human benefits but: Disrupts ecological services rivers provide; e.g. 119 dams on Columbia River have caused a 94% drop in wild salmon; removing hydroelectric dams will restore native spawning grounds Displaces millions of people worldwide as reservoirs flood traditional homelands No room for expansion in the US Producing Electricity from Wind : Producing Electricity from Wind Producing Energy from Biomass : Producing Energy from Biomass Biofuels Biomass plantations Crop residues Animal manure Biogas Ethanol Methanol The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution : The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution Extracting hydrogen efficiently Storing hydrogen Fuel cells Geothermal Energy : Geothermal Energy Geothermal reservoirs Dry steam Wet steam Hot water Molten rock Hot dry-rock zones Geothermal Reservoirs : Geothermal Reservoirs Entering the Age of Decentralized Micropower : Entering the Age of Decentralized Micropower Centralized power systems Decentralized power systems Micropower systems Creating a Sustainable Energy Future : Creating a Sustainable Energy Future Increase fuel efficiency standards for vehicle, appliances, buildings Tax and other financial incentives for energy efficiency Subsidize renewable energy use, research and development Internalize externalities for fossil fuels By 2050: Increase renewable energy to 50% cut coal use by 50% phase out nuclear altogether Solutions: A Sustainable Energy Strategy : Solutions: A Sustainable Energy Strategy You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
renewables lecture - garth tayibmanan140 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 151 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: August 19, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: jangabor (20 month(s) ago) I would like a copy of your renewable energy lecture slides. Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Renewable Energy : Renewable Energy Garth Ratcliffe Department of Environmental and Geographical sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Specific Questions : Specific Questions What are the current and projected UK energy (fuel + electricity) demands? How is the demand for electricity currently being generated? In the future? What contribution can renewable energy make to future fuel and electricity needs? UK Energy Demands 2000 : UK Energy Demands 2000 Data from DTI Energy Statistics 2000 How are energy needs supplied? : How are energy needs supplied? Source –DTI energy Statistics Present EnergyResources : Present EnergyResources Fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas are all of limited amounts. Cant be replaced. Nuclear fuels -limited amounts of uranium for nuclear fission reactors but reprocessing of fuel possible. Difficult to estimate how long these fuels will last - but is it sustainable economically or environmentally? How much energy is needed? : How much energy is needed? DTI Energy Statistics for 2000 308,332 GWh of electricity was distributed to 29.068 million consumers. i.e. on average, each consumer used 10, 607 kwh of electricity. In 2000, the total energy consumed in the domestic sector of the UK was 46,833 thousands tons of oil equivalent. Dividing this value by the number of consumers and converting to kwh gives the average amount of energy used per household as 18,737 kwh. Sustainable situation : Sustainable situation Renewable energy resources are being replaced / generated at the same rate that they are being utilised. Hence they will last indefinitely. Renewable Energy : Renewable Energy What is renewable energy? What forms does it take? Why is it needed? Targets exist for renewable energy to generate 10% of electricity by 2010 and 20% by 2020! Can these be achieved? What forms of renewable energy will deliver these targets? Electricity Generation by Renewables : Electricity Generation by Renewables Source – DTi Energy statistics 2000 Generating Capacity of Renewable Plants : Generating Capacity of Renewable Plants The DTI List of Renewable Resources : The DTI List of Renewable Resources Wind, Wave and Hydro Power Photovoltaics Active Solar Heating Municipal and General Wastes Landfill Gas Geothermal Agricultural and Forestry Wastes Energy Crops Fuel Cells Slide 12: Other Renewables Nuclear Combined Cycle Gas Turbine GasTurbine Coal Forms of Renewable Energy : Forms of Renewable Energy All sources of energy ultimately come from the sun. This is particularly obvious in the case of renewable energies. Renewable Energy Utilisation 2000 : Renewable Energy Utilisation 2000 Source – DTI Energy Statistics 2000 Solar Radiation : Solar Radiation solar heating panels/passive solar power generation solar cells / photovoltaic cells Solar cells : Solar cells convert light into a small electrical output -milliwatts output. need a bank/array of cells for useful output. cost of cells is high but reducing. efficiency of cells is up to 23%/ improving. Solar Panels : Solar Panels are situated on roof of building. absorb heat in the form of radiation from sun. basically system is like a domestic central heating radiator painted black/insulated. provides “topping up” of domestic hot water. Photovoltaics on Buildings : Photovoltaics on Buildings PV arrays, generating around 54kW (peak) with a total area of 430m2, form the sloping glazed roofs of the atrium spaces in the four main buildings. Ove Arup has designed the system to match the annual electricity demand of the supply and extractor fans, effectively providing zero-energy ventilation systems. Solar Roof tiles(Solar Grants now available) : Solar Roof tiles(Solar Grants now available) Integrated solar tiles installed by Solar Century on a current development in Milton Keynes by English partnership and Bloor homes Roof mounted solar panels (Solar century) Innovative SunSlates installation by Solar century for Liang Homes Solar Power Generation : Solar Power Generation located in desert/high intensity/long sunlight hours parabolic mirrors reflect/focus sun’s rays onto metal water pipe located along focal axis of mirrors. High temperature produced - steam - electrical power generated Wind Turbines : Wind Turbines Location of UKWind Clusters : Location of UKWind Clusters Windpower : Windpower Each windturbine can produce between 1/4 and 2 MW of electrical power. Windfarm needs to be located where there is a relatively high average wind speed. Advantages? Disadvantages? Calculation of number of households supplied by a windfarm : Calculation of number of households supplied by a windfarm Assume 24 windturbines each generating 0.25 MW for 70% of time. In a year this amounts to 3.66 x 107kwhr. If this figure is divided by average amount of electricity used by a consumer ie 10,607 kwhr in a year, Answer is 3600 consumers. But 166 of these wind farms = 1000Mw power station! Offshore Wind Turbines : Offshore Wind Turbines Offshore Wind Cluster Features : Offshore Wind Cluster Features Larger average wind speed than onshore Easier planning consent Technical expertise exists from oil rig experience Suitable location Offshoresites : Offshoresites Hydroelectric : Hydroelectric Currently largest source of electricity from renewables. Needs guaranteed supply of water. Galloway-West of Scotland - series of lochs and rivers-cascade of flowing water. Kinetic energy of water rotates turbines which generate electricity. Tidal Power : Tidal Power Located at some coastal sites - usually estuaries and bays with large tidal range. Shape of coastal site above and below sea level determines range eg Bay of Funday, Severn. At high tide reservoir of water is created which is allowed to ebb through turbines located in dam. Expensive construction. Wave Power : Wave Power Land Installed Marine Powered Energy Transformer on Islay, West Coast of Scotland. Wavegen Co. LIMPET provides 500kW of electricity for the National Grid Three floating wave power stations at Lewis/1 MW each Biomass : Biomass cycle of sunlight - photosynthesis - plant growth - absorption of CO2 - emission of O2. combustion of wood - heat some plants - alcohol decomposition - methane/landfill gas/fuel for heating. Woodburning Electricity Generation : ARBRE is the first commercial wood-burning plant of its type in Europe. It produces enough electricity for 33,000 people from clean and sustainable wood fuel sources. The plant has a 10MW electricity generating capacity and 8MW is exported to the local grid. The fuel for the plant is wood chips from forestry and short rotation coppice. Woodburning Electricity Generation Coppice harvesting : Short rotation coppice harvesting for ARBRE wood-fuelled power station. As trees grow they store energy from the sun in their biomass. At ARBRE’s power plant the energy stored in the biomass is converted to electricity. Coppice harvesting First Renewables Ltd Straw Burning Power Plant : Straw Burning Power Plant Elean Power station near Ely,Cambridgeshire generates 36MW of electricity and is the worlds largest such facility. It supplies 80,000 homes with electricity. Lorry leaving plant after delivering straw Biomass Plant in Fife : Biomass Plant in Fife Plant burns poultry litter and produces 10MW of electricity and fertiliser Fluidised bed boiler ensures efficient burning and low emissions Landfill Gas : Landfill Gas Landfill gas, Dorset 1MW generator at Buckden- Biogas Association SCENARIO STUDIES : SCENARIO STUDIES Suggest that delivering 10% of electricity from renewables by 2010 at a cost of 3.5 p/kwh is feasible Requires 3-4 GW new plant Dominant technologies – 1) Waste (Municipal/industrial/agricultural) 2) Remainder – landfill gas + hydro (small scale) 3) Longer term - photovoltaics Conclusions : Conclusions Major difficulties in attaining target of 10% of electricity generated by renewables by 2010 Main contributors to this target will be :- Offshore and Onshore windfarms/clusters Biomass/wood, straw, etc Photovoltaic But policies like Climate Change Levy and the Renewables Obligation will help establish renewables. Relevant Websites : Relevant Websites www.dti.gov.uk/industries_energy (for energy statistics, indicators, new and renewable energy) www.cabinet -office.gov.uk/innovation/2000/energy/energyscope.shtml www.offshorewindfarms.co.uk www.britishwindenergy.co.uk www.bwea.com www.energy-efficiency.gov.uk www.guardian.co.uk/renewables Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Resources(Miller, Chapter 17) : Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Resources(Miller, Chapter 17) Environmental Studies 001 with Dr. Trulio Solutions:We have the answers! : Solutions:We have the answers! Energy Efficiency! (Miller Ch. 17) 43% of energy in the US is wasted unnecessarily Incandescent bulb=5% efficient Fluorescent bulb=20% efficient Auto fleet standards = CAFE Standards (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) 12.9 mpg in 1974 27.9 mpg today 40 mpg CAFE standard would cut gas use by 50% Efficiencies : Efficiencies Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency : Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency Insulation Eliminate air leaks Air to air heat exchangers Efficient appliances Efficient electric motors High-efficiency lighting Increasing fuel economy Solutions:We have the answers! : Solutions:We have the answers! Renewable Energy Resources! Biomass Hydroelectric power Geothermal Solar—passive and active Wind generation Hydrogen power Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity : Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity Passive solar heating Active solar heating Using Solar Energy to Provide High-Temperature Heat and Electricity : Using Solar Energy to Provide High-Temperature Heat and Electricity Solar thermal systems Photovoltaic (PV) cells Solar Cell Trade-Offs Producing Electricity from Moving Water : Producing Electricity from Moving Water Large-scale hydropower Small-scale hydropower 50% of West Coast electricity 7% of US electricity 20% of World’s electricity Major environmental impacts High construction costs Impacts of hydropower on salmon and other riverine spp. : Impacts of hydropower on salmon and other riverine spp. Pollution Disruption of water flow Loss of biodiversity Invasive species Impacts of hydropower on Species and People_______________ : Impacts of hydropower on Species and People_______________ Dams can provide many human benefits but: Disrupts ecological services rivers provide; e.g. 119 dams on Columbia River have caused a 94% drop in wild salmon; removing hydroelectric dams will restore native spawning grounds Displaces millions of people worldwide as reservoirs flood traditional homelands No room for expansion in the US Producing Electricity from Wind : Producing Electricity from Wind Producing Energy from Biomass : Producing Energy from Biomass Biofuels Biomass plantations Crop residues Animal manure Biogas Ethanol Methanol The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution : The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution Extracting hydrogen efficiently Storing hydrogen Fuel cells Geothermal Energy : Geothermal Energy Geothermal reservoirs Dry steam Wet steam Hot water Molten rock Hot dry-rock zones Geothermal Reservoirs : Geothermal Reservoirs Entering the Age of Decentralized Micropower : Entering the Age of Decentralized Micropower Centralized power systems Decentralized power systems Micropower systems Creating a Sustainable Energy Future : Creating a Sustainable Energy Future Increase fuel efficiency standards for vehicle, appliances, buildings Tax and other financial incentives for energy efficiency Subsidize renewable energy use, research and development Internalize externalities for fossil fuels By 2050: Increase renewable energy to 50% cut coal use by 50% phase out nuclear altogether Solutions: A Sustainable Energy Strategy : Solutions: A Sustainable Energy Strategy