PowerPoint Presentation: Rice post harvest management-Bangladesh context Debashish Chanda, Ph.D Post Harvest & Business Model Specialist IRRI Bangladesh
PowerPoint Presentation: Why is Post-Harvest Management Important? Food Safety Quality assurance Better storage Better protection from pests Reduce losses (quantity & quality) Better marketing opportunities
PowerPoint Presentation: Post harvest losses in Bangladesh (Present scenario) Production of Rice per year = around 30 million tons Post harvest loss of Rice = 10 – 15 % per year (approx) Post harvest loss of F & V = 30 – 40 % per year (approx) In value losses (all crops) cost = around 30,000 crore BDT If we can reduce these losses only 3% , we can save 1.0 million tons food crops.
PowerPoint Presentation: Causes of post harvest losses Generally these include: Inefficient harvesting and handling methods Labor shortage during harvest season Harvesting immature and over-mature crops Poor processing techniques Limited drying facility Excess rain-fall expose Lack of storage facilities Rough transportation/load/unload No or poor access to new technology No farmers friendly business model
PowerPoint Presentation: Post harvest steps Harvesting (cutting – field drying – hauling) Stacking/Piling - Threshing (and winnowing ) Moisture control (drying) Fine cleaning (for seed) Bagging Fumigation (for seed) Storage (paddy storage) Parboiling & milling Transportation - Marketing
PowerPoint Presentation: Harvest Handling Harvest in dry and sunny weather to avoid extra moisture Harvest only in appropriate ripening stage (80-85%) Use combine harvester if available/possible Do not mix grain for milling with seed production Take moisture measurement after harvesting Avoid delays in threshing and drying after harvesting
PowerPoint Presentation: Harvesting Harvesting mainly manually (almost 99 %) Very rare use of reapers and combine harvesters Combine harvester is more appropriate and cost effective
PowerPoint Presentation: Field drying Leaving the cut crop in the field and exposing it to the sun for drying Panicle drying, usually farmers dry their paddy 2-3 days in the field Dry up to 17-18% For seed its better thresh after cutting and then dry
PowerPoint Presentation: Threshing Most of the farmers now use mechanical thresher like fully mechanized open drum power thresher and pedal thresher
PowerPoint Presentation: Drying for storage Drying traditionally (sun drying) Use bite test to get m/c
PowerPoint Presentation: Mechanical dryer Low-cost seed dryer Flat bed dryer Mechanical dryer
PowerPoint Presentation: Cleaning & grading for seed Pre-cleaning (for both seed and milling) Fine cleaning (for seed) Grading (for wheat, barley, maize, etc)
PowerPoint Presentation: Storage
PowerPoint Presentation: Storage technology IRRI Super bag Cocoon
PowerPoint Presentation: Parboiling Parboiling (5-10 min) Soaking (min 12 hours) Parboiling (5-10 min) Drying (12% - 16%)
PowerPoint Presentation: Milling
PowerPoint Presentation: Post harvest flow chart Harvesting Pre-drying in field Threshing Winnowing Drying Storage Parboiling and drying For milling Processing (pre cleaning, fine Cleaning, grading) and fumigation for seed Harvesting Packaging Marketing Marketing Utilization by consumer Hauling
PowerPoint Presentation: Thank You