Adjustment Strategies Continued -

Adjustment Strategies Continued - : 

Adjustment Strategies Continued - Before the event Describe strategies designed to limit the damage from potential hazard events and disasters. Short‑term, mid‑term and long‑term responses after the event Describe the range of responses, at the community, national and international levels, during and after a hazard event or disaster. Distinguish between rescue, rehabilitation and reconstruction responses. Explain how these responses are affected by individual and community perceptions. Examine the factors that affected the choice of adjustments before, and responses to, actual hazard events or disasters. Discuss the importance of re‑ assessing risk, and re ‑ examining vulnerability, following any major hazard event or disaster. Notes from adjustment strategies prior to a potential hazard.

But first a quick recap: 

But first a quick recap The table Adjustment through land use zoning, insurance, aid These are all done prior to hazards Can you mention any examples. See if you can add to any of these….

Adjustment and Responses to Hazards and Disasters: 

Adjustment and Responses to Hazards and Disasters What Adjustments to do Before a Hazard to Reduce Potential Loss of life and Damage? Some specific Examples! This relates to the Modifying the Vulnerability of the population aspect of your tables.

Hurricanes: 

Hurricanes What can be done on an individual and Government level. US - FEMA

PowerPoint Presentation: 

What infrastructural and other measures should government bodies take? Coastal defences Evacuation routes

Case studies: 

Case studies What facts can you give about Hurricane Katrina and Cyclone Nargis . Size of hurricanes on the Saffir Simpson scale Dates Numbers dead Numbers homeless Economic Loss Preparations prior to the event- Who was most affected – the vulnerable Response to the hazard – Describe the different responses in terms of aid, insurance… What factors affected response. For a full comparison of the two events and also notes on Measuring Hazards

Are the differences strictly and LEDC/MEDC division.: 

Are the differences strictly and LEDC/MEDC division. Level of economic development of the community and nation > How much money is available for adjustments and responses? Certainly ability to afford protection Education of population as to what to do in the hazard Level of early warning The above were important but other factors are also important. Recent significant extreme natural events > How many years since the area suffered a high magnitude earthquake? Does this impact upon the adjustments that a community has chosen to take? Governance of the community and nation > Are there building codes? How strictly are these building codes enforced ? Are communities prepared/ educated to cope. Are disaster responses planned. How open is the government to outside assistance? Resource base of the community and nation > How well organized are the emergency services? Does the country have a large armed services to call upon?

However - Bangladesh: 

However - Bangladesh Regularly hit with large cyclones. Due to location at head of Bay of Bengal suffers from storm surges Very flat land on the Ganges Delta which is heavily populated >1000 people /km2 Very poor - $1800 per capita/year (PPP)

PowerPoint Presentation: 

1971 , a cyclone killed over 300,000 people and in 1991, another, of similar strength, killed over 130,000 people .. Since then international donors, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), individuals and Bangladesh's government have built several hundred cyclone shelters all along the coastal belt. Each shelter was built to a standard design as a multipurpose building — for example as a school or community center — at the most vulnerable locations And as Cyclone Sidr headed for the coast in November 2007, almost two million people were warned, through radio, television and a network of thousands of government, NGO and Red Crescent volunteers, and evacuated to these shelters. Although over 3,000 people were killed, it was still a success story for disaster preparedness.

What about Earthquake zones: 

What about Earthquake zones Its all about building design Retrofitting buildings and transport infrastructure that is dangerous e.g. columns on highways in california . But individuals need to know through education about what to do to their houses if they live in earthquake zones

PowerPoint Presentation: 

http://www.dropcoverholdon.org/beatthequake/game/ What else is done in specific locations in the world in relation to what can be done before a hazard occurs?

What about preparation in LEDC’s: 

What about preparation in LEDC’s Some places that have regular earthquakes e.g. Pakistan have traditional designs that withstand shaking. However population growth and poverty mean many are not up to this standard What other reasons might also have led to the high death toll in the Kashmir earthquake?

Next Disaster responses: 

Next Disaster responses http://www.geographyalltheway.com/in/ib-hazards/responses-range.htm Looking at community / national / international level short-term | mid-term | long-term rescue | rehabilitation | reconstruction What do the above mean?