risk

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This map was drawn to show not only likelihood of hazard but vulnerability according to percent of different social groups in the area. What might these groups be? Race Class Wealth Hispanic percent Native american percent Elderly percent Care dependent females

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You were asked to look at some information for this lesson as a homework – Give 8 reasons with examples for this..

Recap of terms: 

Recap of terms Disaster – when a hazard event affects humans. There are levels of disaster. Risk – the likelihood that humans will be affected by a hazard event (loss of life, economic , property, environment damage). Vulnerability- this relates to how succeptable a population is to the effects of hazard events.

Factors affecting perception: 

Factors affecting perception

Assessing the Risk ….: 

Assessing the Risk …. For this we use the Disaster Risk Equation Risk (R) = Hazard (H) x Vulnerability (V) Capacity to cope (C) Risk will increase or decrease depending on these factors. There is a Spatial element affecting risk therefore as two similar sized hazards may have different effects. However certain socio-economic factors and changing physical factors can reduce the capacity to cope… (temporal factors)

Looking Just at the Hazard Risk: 

Looking Just at the Hazard Risk http://helid.digicollection.org/documents/s2653e/p042.jpg 3.4 billion people are relatively highly exposed to at least one hazard 790 million to at least 2 hazards 105 million to three or more.

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You have 3 minutes to look at remember and analyse this diagram to see how far it could be used to answer the question in the box above. Could you place any of our case studies on this diagram?

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How useful do you think this model actually is?

The Risk- Vulnerability Relationship: 

The Risk- Vulnerability Relationship High Risk High security High risk Low Security Low Risk High Security Low Risk Low security Physical exposuree to hazards i.e risk Human Vulnerability to disaster (insecurity) Redraw this diagram and add geographical locations to it with explanations .

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Individual – experience, wealth, education, personality. Communities – how long area has been settled, socio economic factors, monitoring levels. Complacency. Belief govt / authority. What about human induced hazards? There are the temporal effects also mentioned earlier. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8054041.stm http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-09-21/volcano-warning-australian-eruption-overdue/1436810

PowerPoint Presentation: 

In summary it is very important for countries and organisations to make assess risk, but in reality the risks posed by hazards are often underestimated. The reasons for this include : Hazard happens infrequently e.g. supervolcano Hazard happens frequently so people know the affects and know how to prepare and react and therefore may underestimate the potential affects e.g. hurricanes in the Caribbean. Risk of hazard unknown e.g. intraplate earthquake or nuclear leak Belief that they will not be affected e.g. live in a safe area in a strong house Belief that they will be given adequate warning e.g. prediction and notification e.g. tsunami warning system in the Pacific Ocean Belief that they are protected against the hazard e.g. Japan protected against tsunamis and earthquakes Government tries to play down affect of hazard e.g. Chernobyl accident in USSR (now the Ukraine) or Cyclone Nargis Low magnitude hazards e.g. drought in UK Little media attention or poor communication meaning you have not properly been informed e.g. Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar (Burma) Voluntarily put at risk e.g. free climbing Hazard normally affects few people e.g. UK flood Underestimate secondary hazards e.g. the tsunami after the Japanese earthquake or disease after the Haiti earthquake . Occasionally underestimating a hazard can have catastrophic consequences. The governments surrounding the Indian Ocean knew that there was a risk from tsunamis in the area. However, they did not believe that the risk was big enough to spend money on fitting an expensive tsunami warning system. The result was that on 26th December 2004 people had no warning of the impending tsunami and close to 250,000 people died. The governments surrounding the Indian Ocean have now fitted a tsunami warning system.