Quasi Contract :10/15/2009 Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 1 Quasi Contract Sec 68 to 72 of the Indian Contract Act 1872
CERTAIN RELATIONS RESEMBLING THOSE CREATED BY CONTRACT :Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 2 10/15/2009 CERTAIN RELATIONS RESEMBLING THOSE CREATED BY CONTRACT Or Constructive contracts or Contracts implied by law or Restitution or Quasi Contracts.
Any civilised system of law is bound to provide remedies for cases of what has been called unjust enrichment or unjust benefit, i.e, to prevent a man from retaining money of, or some benefit derived from, another which it is against conscience that he should keep.
The necessity :Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 3 10/15/2009 The necessity Some cases do not fall within the scope of either contract or tort, as jurisprudentially understood in particular, or under any recognised legal concept, in general. Denying a remedy on that ground in such cases, would result in an ‘unjust benefit’ to one and an ‘unjust loss’ to another. Therefore, every legal system invents remedial measures to deal with unjust enrichment.
Slide 4:Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 4 10/15/2009 In Indian law, unjust enrichment is remedied by imposing an obligation on the person who has unjustly benefited, to return the same to the person who suffered the ensuing unjust loss. This is effected by presuming the relation between the person who has unjustly benefited and the one who has unjustly suffered loss, as one resembling that created by contract. Even though, actually, there is no contract between them in the parlance of law, the relation between them is treated as if one created by a contract by implication.
Sec. 68 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 :Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 5 10/15/2009 Sec. 68 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 Claim for necessaries supplied to person incapable of contracting, or on his account.
If a person, incapable of entering into a contract, or any one whom he is legally bound to support, is supplied by another, person with necessaries suited to his condition in life, the person who has furnished such supplies is entitled to be reimbursed from the property of such incapable person.
Illustrations
a) A supplies B, a lunatic, with necessaries suitable to his condition in life. A is entitled to be reimbursed from B's property.
b) A supplies the wife and children of B, a lunatic, with necessaries suitable to their condition in life. A is entitled to be reimbursed from B's property.
Sec. 69 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 :Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 6 10/15/2009 Sec. 69 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 Reimbursement of person paying money due by another, in payment of which he is interested -
A person who is interested in the payment of money which another is bound by law to pay, and who therefore pays it, is entitled to be reimbursed by the other.
Slide 7:Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 7 10/15/2009 Illustration
B holds land in Bengal, on a lease granted by A, the zamindar. The revenue payable by A to the Government being in arrear, his land is advertised for sale by the Government. Under the revenue law, the consequence of such sale will be the annulment of B's lease. B, to prevent the sale and the consequent annulment of his own lease, pays to the Government the sum due from A. A is bound to make good to B the amount so paid.
Sec. 70 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 :Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 8 10/15/2009 Sec. 70 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 Obligation of person enjoying benefit of non-gratuitous act
Where a person lawfully does anything for another person, or delivers anything to him, not intending to do so gratuitously, and such other person enjoys the benefit thereof, the latter is bound to make compensation to the former in respect of, or to restore, the thing so done or delivered.
Slide 9:Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 9 10/15/2009 Illustrations
a) A, a tradesman, leaves goods at B's house by mistake. B treats the goods as his own. He is bound to pay A for them.
b) A saves B's property from fire. A is not entitled to compensation from B, if the circumstances show that he intended to act gratuitously.
Sec of 71 of the Indian Contract Act 1872, :Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 10 10/15/2009 Sec of 71 of the Indian Contract Act 1872, Responsibility of finder of goods –
A person who finds goods belonging to another, and takes them into his custody, is subject to the same responsibility as a bailee.
Sec of 72 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 :Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 11 10/15/2009 Sec of 72 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 Liability of person to whom money is paid or thing delivered by mistake or under coercion –
A person to whom money has been paid, or anything delivered, by mistake or under coercion, must repay or return it.
Slide 12:Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 12 10/15/2009 Illustrations
a) A and B jointly owe 100 rupees to C. A alone pays the amount to C, and B, not knowing this fact, pays 100 rupees over again to C. C is bound to repay the amount to B.
b) A railway company refuses to deliver up certain goods to the consignee, except upon the payment of an illegal charge for carriage. The consignee pays the sum charged in order to obtain the goods. He is entitled to recover so much of the charge as was illegally excessive.
Slide 13:Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, KLS, KIIT 13 10/15/2009 Thanks, we will continue…