Scada (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)

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August 24, 2010 1 tabish288@yahoo.com Process Dynamics and Control: Department of Chemical Engineering University of Engineering And Technology, Lahore A.N.Tabish 2009-MS-Chem-25 SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Presented to: Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan Presented by: S. Zaheer Abbas 2009-MS-Chem-69

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 2 Contents: Fundamentals of Control Introduction of SCADA Applications of SCADA SCADA Architectures Components of SCADA System How SCADA System Works? Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC and smart instrument Security and Vulnerability of SCADA Systems Conclusion

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 3 Fundamentals of Control:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 4 Fundamentals of Control: Control Components: Control Server SCADA Server or Master Terminal Unit (MTU) Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Data Historian Input/Output (IO) Server

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 5 Fundamentals of Control: Control Components: Fieldbus Network Control Network Communications Routers Firewall Modems Remote Access Points

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 6 Fundamentals of Control: Analog control system block diagram Analog Control

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 7 Discrete control system block diagram Fundamentals of Control: Discrete Control:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 8 Acronym stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Not a full control system, but rather focuses on the supervisory level Purely software package that is positioned on top of hardware Combination of telemetry and data acquisition to which it is interfaced, generally via (PLCs) or (DCS) Collecting of the information, transferring it back to the central site, carrying out any necessary analysis and control and then displaying that information on a number of operator screens or displays control actions are then conveyed back to the process. Introduction to SCADA:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 9 Introduction to SCADA: Typical Schematic of Sensors to panel system

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 10 PC to PLC or DCS with fieldbus and sensor Introduction to SCADA:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 11 Introduction to SCADA: PC to IED using a fieldbus

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 12 Introduction to SCADA: SCADA systems are designed to collect field information, transfer it to a central computer facility, and display the information to the operator graphically or textually, thereby allowing the operator to monitor or control an entire system from a central location in real time.

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 14 All together, the term SCADA refers to the entire central system. The central system usually monitors data from various sensors that are either in close proximity or off site. Introduction to SCADA:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 15 Applications of SCADA: Electric power generation, transmission and distribution: Water and sewage: Buildings, facilities and environments: Manufacturing: Mass transit: Traffic signals:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 16 Three generations of SCADA systems: First Generation – Monolithic Second Generation – Distributed Third Generation – Networked SCADA Architecture:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 17 Monolithic SCADA Systems: SCADA Architecture: First Generation of SCADA Architecture

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 18 Distributed SCADA Systems: SCADA Architecture: Second Generation of SCADA Architecture

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 19 Networked SCADA Systems: SCADA Architecture: Third Generation of SCADA Architecture

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 20 SCADA system involves essentially five levels or hierarchies: Field level instrumentation and control devices Marshalling terminals and RTUs Communications system The master station(s) The commercial data processing department computer system Components of SCADA System: 1. SCADA Hardware:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 21 TYPICAL SCADA SYSTEM

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 22 SCADA may be classified as: Propriety: Companies develop proprietary software to communicate to their hardware. Open: They have high interoperability to mix different manufacturers’ equipment on the same system. 2. SCADA Software: Components of SCADA System: Key features of SCADA software

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 23 How SCADA Works: A SCADA system performs four functions: Data acquisition Networked data communication Data presentation Control These functions are performed by four kinds of SCADA Components: Sensors and control relays Remote telemetry units (RTUs) SCADA master units Communications network

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 24 Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC & Smart Instrument : SCADA System

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 25 Considerations and benefits of SCADA system: Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC & Smart Instrument : Overall control requirements Sequence logic Analog loop control Ratio and number of analog to digital points Speed of control and data acquisition Master/operator control stations Reliability/availability Speed of communications/update time/system scan rates System redundancy Expansion capability

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 26 Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC & Smart Instrument : Distributed Control System (DCS)

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 28 Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC & Smart Instrument : Programmable Logic Controller System (PLCs)

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 29 PLCs are used in both SCADA and DCS systems as the control components of an overall hierarchical system to provide local management of processes through feedback control. Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC & Smart Instrument :

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 30 Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC & Smart Instrument : Smart Instrument

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 31 Obviously, a SCADA system’s initial cost has to be justified. A few typical reasons for implementing a SCADA system are: Improved operation of the plant or process resulting in savings due to optimization of the system Increased productivity of the personnel Improved safety of the system due to better information and improved control Improved energy savings due to optimization of the plant Improved and quicker receipt of data so that clients can be invoiced more quickly and accurately Comparison of SCADA, DCS, PLC & Smart Instrument :

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 32 Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System: Threats to SCADA Systems: Criminal groups Foreign intelligence services Insiders Phishers Spammers Spyware/malware authors

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 33 Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 34 Industrial Security Incidents by Year Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 35 Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System: Potential Consequences of Security Incidents: Physical Impacts. Economic Impacts. Social Impacts.

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 36 Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System: Relationship Between Corporate and SCADA Network:

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 37 Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System: Firewall between Corporate Network and Control Network

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 38 Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System: Firewall and Router between Corporate Network and Control Network

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 39 Security and Vulnerability of SCADA System: Developing SCADA Security Strategies: Border Router and Firewalls Proxy Servers Operating Systems SCADA Firewalls SCADA Internal Network Design SCADA Server Operating Systems Firewall between Corporate Network and Control Network

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August 24, 2010 tabish288@yahoo.com 40 David Bailey and Edwin Wright (2003), “Practical SCADA for Industry”, Elsevier. Inc Ken Barnes, Briam Johnson and Reva Nickelson, “Review of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems” January 2004, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. M.Lakshmi Prasanna and A.Gayatri “A Technical Paper on ‘SCADA’ Technology” Sri Sai Institute of Technology. Technical Information Bulletin 04-1 “Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems” October 2004, Communication Technologies, Inc. Technical Manual on ‘‘Spervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems for Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4isr) Facilities Headquarters”, Department of the Army, Washington, Dc, January 2006 References: