Bio Fertilizers & Presticides

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BIO FERTILIZERS & PESTICIDES Sarvanaman Vidya Mandir

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WHAT ARE BIO FERTILIZERS ? Bio-fertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.

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Bio-fertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of Nitrogen fixation, solubalizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth promoting substances. Biological Fixation of N 2

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A FEW Examples …

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Advantages of bio fertilizers

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TYPES OF BIO-FERTILIZERS

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Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Nitrogen-Fixing Microorganism are introduced to the soil to improve the nitrogen supply available to the plants.

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HOW DO BIO-FERTILIZERS WORK? Bacteria digest large biopolymers to smaller monomers which plants can absorb easily. 1) Proteins - Amino Acids 2) Carbohydrates & Fibers - Sugars 3) Fats - Fatty Acids Role of Soil Bacteria Soil-bacteria release biochemical which accelerate the plant growth. They scavenge phosphate from soil layers. They increase the availability of nutrients. Phosphate Rhizobium Nitro-fixing Bacteria

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MAKING OF FARM YARD MANURE Raw Materials : Cow dung, cow urine, waste straw and dairy wastes Preparation: Cow dung is collected in a pit and is allowed to decompose over a period of time. Every month this manure is applied to the plants or the field to enrich the soil. The slurry that comes out after gobar gas generation is highly composted and extremely rich.

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Improves soil fertility . A larger portion of N 2 is made available as and when the FYM decomposes. Availability of Potassium and Phosphorus from FYM is similar to that from inorganic sources. Why FARM YARD MANURE ?

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BIO PESTICIDES

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Different Bio Pesticides

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In India, as farming goes hand in hand with cattle rearing, therefore the cow urine is available easily in the rural areas. It can also be used for the control of pests and as a growth promoter for the growing crops. Effects and advantages Easily available in rural areas. High content of urea : The pests, insects etc. will not attack the leaves and buds of the crop plants Pest and insects repel because of pungent and bad smell Preparation and application 5 litres pure and concentrated cow urine dilute it in 40 l water Spray it one hectare of field at the evening COW URINE EXTRACT

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Materials Required 5 kg of neem leaves, 5 liter of cow urine, 2 kg of cow dung, 100 liter of water Effects and Advantages It kills the pests instantly but harm it in several other ways. It acts as repellent & growth inhibitor. Cow urine has high content of urea in it which is toxic to most of the organisms, the pests and insects etc. Preparation and application Crush the above substances Ferment for 24 hours with intermittent stirring Filter and squeeze the extract and dilute to 100 l of water Use this extract to spray it over one acre of the crop NEEM COW URINE EXTRACT

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Butter milk can be used as a bio pesticide . It is made by the centrifugation of curd in which by product ghee is also obtained. The distasteful butter milk can be used to make the extract. Effects and advantages Contains billions of bacteria that suppress the growth of other bacteria, fungi and protozoa W ork against the unwanted pathogens C ontains the useful nutrients for the growth and maturation of the crop plant Preparation and application Take distasteful butter milk and add equal amount of water in it Keep it for two days in a semi-shaded place Add 40 l of water in 10 l of the extract Spray this solution in 1 hectare of field in the early morning time FERMENTED CURD WATER EXTRACT

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Materials Required Pomea leaves 1 kg, 500 gm hot chili, 500 gm garlic, 10 liter cow urine Effects and advantages Garlic contains sulphur which is an antibacterial. Chili has the property to avoid fungal and bacterial infection due to its preservative property. Preparation and Application Crush the above recommended material . Boil the suspension till it becomes half of the initial. Filter and squeeze the above extract and store it in glass or plastic bottles. Take 2-3 liters of the extract and dilute it with 50 liters of water. Mix it thoroughly and use it as a foliar spray for one acre of crop. CHILI GARLIC EXTRACT

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Conclusion These bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides are very effective in providing long term benefits. But today as people are in a race to become richer overnight, bio-fertilizers are not in much use while chemical pesticides and other chemical products are preferred over bio fertilizers.

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ITS OUR APPEAL TO THE PEOPLE TO ENCOURAGE THE USE OF BIO-FERTILISERS AND BIO-PESTICIDES TO IMPROVE THE FERTILITY OF LAND RATHER THAN KILLING IT WITH CHEMICALS.

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Thank You Prepared by: Diksha Bhagat Shreya Gada Sarvanaman Vidya Mandir