FDR up until WWII

The Great Depression : 

The Great Depression By: Brian Surkan The Walker School

Communist Manifesto : 

Communist Manifesto Nevertheless, in most advanced countries, the following will be pretty generally applicable. Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax. Abolition of all rights of inheritance. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. Centralization of credit in the banks of the state, by means of a national bank with state capital and an exclusive monopoly. Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the state. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the state; the bringing into cultivation of waste lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan. Equal obligation of all to work. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of all the distinction between town and country by a more equable distribution of the populace over the country. Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children's factory labor in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production, etc.

Americans vote for Change : 

Americans vote for Change Americans voted for FDR’s “New Deal” Democratic clean sweep: House / Senate / President Electoral Results – FDR: 472 / Hoover: 59 FDR Silent during final “Lame Duck” Congress FDR Inaugural address (March 4) Frequent references to Jesus Christ’s hatred of capitalism Halt foreclosures / Population Redistribution / Resources National planning of transportation / communication Supported widespread redistribution of wealth (socialism) Asked Congress to do what he wants OR grant dictatorship U.S. recognizes Soviet Union (Nov 16)

FDR’s First 100 Days: March : 

FDR’s First 100 Days: March National Bank Holiday (1 week) (Mar 6) Bank Stabilization Bill (Mar 9) Economy Bill (Mar 11) First Fireside Chat (banking) (Mar 12) Prohibition Ends (Mar 22) Civilian Conservation Corps (Mar 31) Jobs for single men 18-25: parks, bridges, trees

First 100 Days: April / May : 

First 100 Days: April / May Gold Standard Ends (Apr 19) Federal Emergency Relief Admin. (May 12) Federal relief checks to unemployed AND states Agricultural Adjustment Act (May 12) Paid farmers to NOT produce crops / animals Plowed crops under / Killed 5m piglets / 200k sows Tennessee Valley Authority (May 18) Build 15 dams in Tennessee Valley Federal Securities Act (May 27) First national regulation of Wall Street

First 100 Days: June 16 : 

First 100 Days: June 16 National Industrial Recovery Act Created National Recovery Administration (NRA) Businesses asked to collude to keep prices high “Voluntary” adoption of min wage & hours Public Works Administration (PWA) Spend $3.3 bil. on public works as “pump-priming” Building roads, dams, monuments, national parks Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall Act) Created Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC)

First 100 Days: Final Acts : 

First 100 Days: Final Acts More New Deal Programs (still 1st ND) National Labor Relations Board (Jun 19) Federal Housing Administration (Jun 28) Emergency Relief Appropriations Act (Apr 8) $5 billion in addition WPA project funding Rural Electrification Administration (May 11)

Supreme Court Challenges ND : 

Supreme Court Challenges ND NIRA Unconstitutional Schechter v. United States (May 27, 1935) “Sick chicken case” Price and wage fixing unconstitutional Anti-foreclosure on farms struck down Pensions for railroad workers cancelled Roosevelt on Supreme Court: Back to “horse and buggy”

Second New Deal : 

Second New Deal Second New Deal (1935) Wagner National Relations Act (Jul 5) Re-establishes right to collective bargaining Social Security Act (Aug 14) Core of New Deal Legacy Provides pensions and unemployment insurance

Second New Deal: Response : 

Second New Deal: Response FDR Re-Elected (Nov 3, 1936) Inaugurated (Jan 20, 1936) FDR threatens Supreme Court (Feb 5) Wants to add a justice for each justice over 70 Supreme Court starts supporting ND (Mar 27) FDR ultimately replaces most justices Old ones retire or die while he is President

Germany’s “New Deal” of Hope : 

Germany’s “New Deal” of Hope Hitler rose to power with FDR in 1933 Fulfilled promises of “Mein Kampf” (1925-6) Promised German people economic recovery Created jobs through re-armament Denounced the Treaty of Versailles Encouraged Germans to be proud to be the best Denounced non-Germans as lesser races / obstacles Disliked Jews / Gypsies / Homosexuals / Slavs Created Hitler Youth to brainwash them A mix of Boy Scouts and the Army Sought the moral support of the next generation

Rise of Hitler / Fascism (1933-4) : 

Rise of Hitler / Fascism (1933-4) 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor w/ dictatorial power March – First concentration camp opens April - Persecution of Jewish shops begins May 10 – Germans burn books Oct 14 – Germany w/d from League of Nations 1934 June 30 – “Night of long knives” Aug 19 –Hitler becomes Führer of Germany

Rise of Hitler / Fascism (1936) : 

Rise of Hitler / Fascism (1936) Feb 10 - Gestapo placed above the law Mar 7 - German troops occupy Rhineland May 9 - Mussolini takes Ethiopia July 18 – Spanish Civil War: WWII Practice Hitler offers men & equipment to Fascist Franco Many idealists (Hemmingway) help Communists Germans test carpet bombing: Guernica, Spain Oct 1 – Franco declared head of Spain Nov - Japan joins Germany Signs Anti-Comintern Pact

Acceleration Towards War : 

Acceleration Towards War 1937 June 11 – Stalin purges Red Army generals Aug – Nov – Japanese attack China Rape of Nanking Nov 5 – Hitler reveals War Plans to inner circle 1938 March 12/13 – Anschluß with Austria announced Sept 30 – British PM Chamberlain “Peace in our Time” - appeases Hitler in Munich Oct 15 – Germans occupy Sudetenland Nov 9/10 – “Kristallnacht” – Night of Broken Glass Nov – “New Order for East Asia” declared by Japan

Eve of WWII – 1939 : 

Eve of WWII – 1939 Nazis take Czechoslovakia (Mar 15/16) Nazis sign “Pact of Steal” w/Italy (May 22) Nazis and Soviets sign Pact (Aug 23) Brit. & Poland: Mutual Assistance Treaty (Aug 25) Nazis invade Poland (Sep 1) Brit., France, Australia & NZ declare war (Sep 3) United States declares neutrality (Sep 5) Soviets invade Poland (Sep 17) Warsaw surrenders to Nazis (Sep 27) Nazis and Soviets divide Poland (Sep 29)

Sources : 

Sources http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/connections_n2/great_depression.html http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/ww2time.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_flight http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/medialist.php?presid=32 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rails/timeline/index.html http://history.sandiego.edu/GEN/20th/1930s/newdeal.html#1933 http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/id/86555.htm http://www.shmoop.com/events/history/us/fdr-s-new-deal.html