FOOD CROPS

FOOD CROPS: 

FOOD CROPS

RICE: 

RICE Kharif crop Tropical and sub - tropical crop. Can be grown in varying conditions. More than 4000 varieties are grown in India

VARIETIES: 

VARIETIES

REQUIREMENTS: 

REQUIREMENTS TEMPERATURE: 16 0 - 32 0 C AVERAGE 24 0 C Requires plenty of sunshine . Rainfall: 150-200cm Flooded fields Slight rain before ripening is good. Soil: deep fertile clayey or friable loam.

METHODS OF CULTIVATION: 

METHODS OF CULTIVATION

DISTRIBUTION: 

DISTRIBUTION REGION WISE: LOWER AND MIDDLE GANGETIC PLAIN BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY EAST AND WEST COASTAL REGIONS STATEWISE: WEST BENGAL, PUNJAB, U.P ANDHRA PRADESH TAMIL NADU BIHAR

WHEAT: 

WHEAT Important food crop for north and north west India. India is Fourth largest producer of wheat. Temperate crop (rabi). Rich in proteins vitamins and carbohydrates.

REQUIREMENTS: 

REQUIREMENTS TEMPERATURE: 10 0 - 15 0 C Requires cool climate with moderate rainfall . Rainfall: 50-100cm Slight rain before ripening is ideal. Frost at flowering and hailstorm at time of ripening is harmful. Soil: well drained, fertile, friable loamy, alluvial soils of clayey composition.

VARIETIES: 

VARIETIES Common Bread Variety (Triticum Vilgare) Durum/Macaroni Wheat Emmer (Triticum Dicocum) Indian Dwarf Wheat

DISTRIBUTION: 

DISTRIBUTION UTTAR PRADESH PUNJAB HARYANA MADHYA PRADESH RAJASTHAN BIHAR GUJARAT MAHARASHTRA

PULSES: 

PULSES Important part of Indian diet. Rabi crop Leguminous crops Best rotational crops Serve as excellent forage(food for cattle) Important pulses: Gram and Tur. Others: urad(black gram), moong(green gram), masoor (lentil), matar (peas) and moth.

GRAM : 

GRAM Rabi crop. Soil: loamy soil is ideal Requires mild cool and dry climate. Temperature: 20 0 - 25 0 C Rainfall : 50 – 100 cm. Uses: used for preparing sweet and savories. Its green leaves are used as vegetable. Grain is used to feed horses and cattle.

DISTRIBUTION: 

DISTRIBUTION MAJOR STATES: UTTAR PRADESH HIMACHAL PRADESH RAJASTHAN HARYANA

MAIZE: 

MAIZE Kharif crop. In Tamil Nadu its rabi crop. Food as well as fodder crop. Grown under semi arid climatic conditions and over inferior soils. India is sixth largest producer.

REQUIREMENTS: 

REQUIREMENTS Temperature: 21 0 - 27 0 C. up to 35 0 C. Frost is injurious. Requires atleast 4 ½ frost free months. Rainfall: 50-100 cm Cool and dry weather helps in ripening. Uses: Food crop: chappatis, roasted corns, popcorn. Used in confectionary as corn flour and corn flakes. Excellent fodder for the cattle

DISTRIBUTION: 

DISTRIBUTION MADHYA PRADESH ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA RAJASTHAN UTTAR PRADESH HIMACHAL PRADESH

MILLETS: 

MILLETS Warm weather grasses grown in areas where wheat and rice cannot be grown. Kharif crop. Grain provides food for poor. Stalk and stem are used as fodder for the cattle. Are hardy, drought and heat resistant crops.

MILLETS: 

MILLETS

JOWAR: 

JOWAR Also known as Sorghum Both kharif and rabi crop. Soils : medium regur, clayey black soils. Temperature: 26 0 - 33 0 C Rainfall: 30 to 100 cm Excessive rain and drought are harmful Uses : Making roti. Straw is used as fodder Areas: Maharastra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat .

BAJRA (BULL RUSH MILLET): 

BAJRA (BULL RUSH MILLET) Kharif crop. Sown as rotation or mixed crop Soil: variety of soils. Temperature: 25 0 - 35 0 C Rainfall: less than 100cm Bright sunshine after light showers is useful in early stages. Uses: Making roti, fodder for cattle, thatching roof. Areas: Rajasthan, Maharastra, Gujarat, U Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.

RAGI (BUCK WHEAT): 

RAGI (BUCK WHEAT) Kharif crop. Soils: red, light black and sandy soils, well drained alluvial soils. Temperature: 20 0 - 30 0 C Rainfall: 50-100cm Uses: food and fodder. Areas: Leading producers: Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Others: Maharastra and Uttar Pradesh.