Slide 2:
6 – 17 years or more of our lives spent in formal education institutions – but only in recent history!
In the past, formal education for male elites only; for commoners – non-formal & informal education.
Now, formal education is open to all.
Education = educare (form/train) + educere (lead out).
Focus of educare – socialization & training for citizenship and vocation.
Focus of educere – individual development.
Slide 3:
Defn: The social process of developing, reinforcing, modifying, or eliminating desired behaviours consistent with societal norms.
Slide 4:
Defn: Behaviour considered good, appropriate, socially acceptable, or normal in a group or society
2 main choices re: norm – conformity or deviance.
Who decides norms – everybody or the powerful?
Norms may not be universal or pervasive in society
Norms anchored in:
Folkways
Mores
Values
Laws
Slide 5:
2 kinds of norms
Moral norms – enforced by informal sanctions
Institutional norms – enforced by formal sanctions
The school is a very important agent of socialization of norms in society.
Slide 6:
Defn: A specific kind of norm relating to behaviour according to one’s status/position in a socially-stratified society.
Society is stratified in many ways – sex, generation, socio-economic stratification.
Socio-economic role positions are either ascribed or achieved.
Like norms, roles are regulated both informally and formally.