SUMIT

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Presented bY SUMIT KUMAR(M.PHARMA) 2 ND SEM, QUALITY ASSURANCE I.S.F. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

CAPS AND OVERSEALS: 

CAPS AND OVERSEALS These are used to secure the the container in order to maintain the integrity of the seal under normal conditions of handling and storage. They may or may not be in direct contact with the dosage form. CLOSURES closures are devices and techniques used to close or seal a bottle, jug jar, tube, can, etc.. Closures can be a cap, cover, lid, plug, etc..

PURPOSE OF CLOSURES: 

PURPOSE OF CLOSURES Many containers and packages require a means of closing. It can be a separate device or seal or sometimes a integral latch or lock. Depending on the contents and container, closures have several functions: Keep the container closed and the contents contained for the specified shelf life until time of opening Provide a barrier to dirt, oxygen, moisture, etc. Control of permeation is critical to many types of products: foods, chemicals, etc. Keep the product secure from undesired premature opening Provide a means of reclosing or reusing the container Assist in dispensing and use of product Allow reasonable ease to open the container by the intended user. Difficult to open containers may cause wrap rage. The force or torque required to open a closure is an important consideration for packaging engineers

TYPES OF CAPS: 

TYPES OF CAPS CAPS

SCREW CAPS: 

SCREW CAPS A screw cap or closure is a common type of caps for bottles, jars, and tubes. EXAMPLES Plastic bottle with plastic screw cap Spray pump Cap on toothpaste Metal closure on glass jar

SPORTS CAPS: 

SPORTS CAPS A "sports cap", which appears on many water bottles, seen in OPEN configuration when pulled availing the water to pass around the central blue piece and in CLOSED configuration when pressed.

CROWN CAPS: 

CROWN CAPS Beverage bottles are frequently closed with crown beverage caps. These are shallow metal caps that are crimped into locking position around the head of the bottle.

BOTTLE CAPS: 

BOTTLE CAPS A generic 21-teeth crown cork bottle cap Bottle caps are a type of closure used to seal the openings of bottles of many types. They can be small circular pieces of metal , usually stee l with plastic backings, and for plastic bottles a plastic cap is used instead. A bottle cap is typically colorfully decorated with the logo of the brand of beverage

OTHER TYPES : 

OTHER TYPES pull-off bottle cap plastic bottle screw cap used to seal a plastic bottle Bottle closure

CLOSURES: 

CLOSURES Closures are the devices used to open or close the container . ADVANTAGES OF CLOSURES Prevent loss of material by volatilization It avoids contamination of products. It prevents the product from enviornmental conditions.

TYPES OF CLOSURES: 

TYPES OF CLOSURES 1. RUBBER CLOSURES 2. OVERSEALS A. SNAP ON B. FRICTION FIT 3. SCREW CLOSURES 4. SPECIAL TYPES A. TEMPER EVIDENT B. DISPENSING C. CHILD RESISTANT

TYPES AND APPLICATION: 

TYPES AND APPLICATION Type Major Applications Crown Cork Carbonated Soft Drink (CSD), Fruit Juice, Beer, Ketchup ROPP Cap Pharmaceutical, Liquor, Processed Foods, Hair Oil, Stationery Lug Cap Jam, Pickle, Condiment, Cheese Spread, Other Foods Plastic Closures CSD, Mineral Water, Lubricants & most products packed in PET, PP, HDPE containers

RUBBER CLOSURES: 

RUBBER CLOSURES

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Rubber consists of several ingredients, one of them is elastomer, rubber compounds used in pharmaceutical packaging contain only limited number of ingredients, which are difficult to extract. These closures do not pose a problem and can used in contact with large number of drug preparations. Rubber closures for containers for aqueous parenteral preparations have been classified into 2 types, according to B.P. Type I are to be preferred. Type II closures are those, which have mechanical properties suitable for special use, cannot meet the requirements as severs as those for the 1 st category because of the chemical composition.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR RUBBER CLOSURES (IP 1996) FRAGMENTATION TEST SELF SEALABILITY TEST TACKINESS TEST

FRAGMIONTATION TEST: 

FRAGMIONTATION TEST Place a volume of water corresponding to nominal volume minus 4ml in each of 12 clean vials Close vial with closure and secure caps for 16hours Pierce the closures with 21 SWG hypodermic needle and inject 1ml water and remove 1ml air Repeat the above operation 4times for each closure Count the number of fragments visible to the naked eye Total number of fragments should not be more than 10 except butyl rubber where the fragment should not exceed 15

SELF SEALABILITY TEST: 

SELF SEALABILITY TEST Fill 10 vials with water to nominal volume and close the vials with closures. Secure the cap. Pierce the cap 10times at different sites with 21SWG hypodermic needle , secure the cap Immerse the vials in 0.1%w/v solution of methylene blue under reduced external pressure for 10min Restore the normal pressure and keep the container immersed for 30minutes Wash the vials. None of the vials should contain trace of coloured solution

TACKINESS TEST: 

TACKINESS TEST Closure is washed several times with detergent and autoclaved at 121 degree celsius in distilled waterfor 30 minutes. It should not become tacky.

SNAP ON CLOSURES: 

SNAP ON CLOSURES Some closures snap on . For opening , the top is designed to pry off, or break off, or have a built in dispenser. Some containers have a loose lid for a closure. Laboratory glassware often has ground glass joints that allow the pieces to be fitted together easily.

FRICTION FIT CLOSURES: 

FRICTION FIT CLOSURES An Interference fit or friction fit requires some force to close and open, providing additional security. Paint cans often have a friction fit plug.

SCREW CLOSURES: 

SCREW CLOSURES Componenets of screw closures. 1. CAP: It is made up of tin plate. Carton is closrd screwing the cap on the neck. 2. WAD : It prevents the contamination of the product. It should be inert. They are made up of rubber or silicone rubber. 3. LINER : It is made up of metal foils, rubber, plastic and plastic film.

SPECIAL TYPES : 

SPECIAL TYPES TEMPER PROOF CLOSURES LAYERS 1.Carton with adhesive 2.Shrink band 3.Cap 4.Innerseal SPECIAL MODIFICATIONS >Pour spouts >Measuring attachments

POUR SPOUTS: 

POUR SPOUTS

LIST OF TEMPER EVIDENT PACKAGING: 

LIST OF TEMPER EVIDENT PACKAGING Film wrappers breakable cap ring systems Blister packs sealed tubes Bubble packs plastic blind end sealed tubes Heat shrunk bands sealed cartons Paper foil for plastic packs aerosol containers Bottle with inner mouth seals metal composite cans Tap seals

CHILD RESISTANT CLOSURE: 

CHILD RESISTANT CLOSURE Child-resistant packaging or C-R packaging has special closures designed to reduce the risk of children ingesting dangerous items. This is often accomplished by the use of a special safety cap. It is required by regulation for prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, pesticides, and household chemicals. PRINCIPLE Certain degree of strength will be required to open the product. High degree of manual co-ordination required.

EXAMPLES: 

EXAMPLES SORAY BOTTLE coffee tin – square can with friction fit closure rubber stoppers on flasks

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Closure and roll-on device for deoderant Bottle of Geritol with a child resistant cap

REFERENCES: 

REFERENCES http://www.google.co.in/search?tbm=isch&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=809&q=dispensing+cap&gbv=2&oq=dispensing+&aq=7&aqi=g10&aql=undefined&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=4580l14749l0l18l18l7l1l1l0l416l2612l2-3.4.1l8 http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=RUBBER+CLOSURES&oq=RUBBER+CLOSURES&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=undefined&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=898013l906085l0l28l17l0l5l5l0l460l2693l2-1.2.4l7 http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=VIALS&oq=VIALS&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=undefined&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=14585l17901l0l19l9l0l0l0l0l607l1864l3-1.2.1l5 http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=dispensing+cap&oq=dispensing&aq=8&aqi=g10&aql=undefined&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=19301l24985l0l14l12l0l1l1l0l1050l3752l2-1.3.2.1.0.1l9 http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=tamper+evident+cap&oq=tamper+evident+&aq=5&aqi=g8&aql=undefined&gs_sm=c&gs_upl=5511l6246l0l5l5l0l0l0l0l957l957l6-1l1 http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=child+resistant+closures&oq=child+resistant&aq=1&aqi=g3&aql=undefined&gs_sm=c&gs_upl=8967l15095l0l32l18l0l3l3l0l425l2304l0.1.2.2.2l9 http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=friction+fit+closures&oq=friction+fit+closures&aq=f&aqi=&aql=undefined&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=7708l10147l0l9l9l0l7l0l1l531l865l3-1.0.1l2 http://www.google.co.n/search?hl=en&biw=1440&bih=809&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=snap+on+closures&oq=snap+on+closures&aq=f&aqi=&aql=undefined&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=29570l50689l0l36l21l0l7l7l0l460l2750l2-1.2.4l9 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_(container)