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Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Assembler : 1 Assembler A short Overview Content : 2 Content Language Levels High Level micro code Machinecode language Assembler languages Structure Commands Language Levels : 3 Language Levels High Level Language Assembler Language Machine Language Micro -programming Hardware „Firmware“ Normally deepest free accessible Level High Level Micro Code : 4 High Level Micro Code High Level language Formulating program for certain application areas Hardware independent Assembler languages Machine oriented language Programs orient on special hardware properties More comfortable than machine code (e.g. by using symbolic notations) High Level Micro Code : 5 High Level Micro Code Machine code: Set of commands directly executable via CPU Commands in numeric code Lowest semantic level Generally 2 executing oportunities: Interpretiv via micro code Directly processing via hardware High Level Micro Code : 6 High Level Micro Code Micro programming: Implementing of executing of machine commands (Control unit - controller) Machine command executed/shown as sequence of micro code commands Micro code commands: Simpliest process controlling Moving of data Opening of grids Tests Machinecode language : 7 Machinecode language Machinecode command: Binary word (fix length, causes elementary operations within CPU) Machinecode program sequence of machinecode commands Machinecode language : 8 Machinecode language Structure: Operationcode Defining executable operation Operandaddress Spezification of operands Constants/register addresses/storage addresses Difference between 1/2/3 address machines Machinecode language : 9 Machinecode language Data transport commands Arithmetic and logical commands Process controlling commands In-/output commands Special commands Disadvantage: Difficultly readable No symbolic names(Mnemomics) Assembler languages : 10 Assembler languages Translated into machinecode language(Interpreter) Each operation code(opcode) owns one symbolic command Assignments of operand addresses are possible Labels for command addresses Assembler languages : 11 Assembler languages Usage of pseudo commands Commands for assembler Assigment of values/addresses(variables) Definition of the programstart addresses Allocating of memory for variables Assembler languages-structure : 12 Assembler languages-structure Label symbolic labeling of an assembler address (command address at Machine level) Mnemomic Symbolic description of an operation Operands Contains of variables or addresse if necessary Comments Assembler Languages - Machine Instructions : 13 Assembler Languages - Machine Instructions Bitpatterns are created, executed as commands by CPU Classes: Arithmetic/logical Operations(ADD,SUB,XOR, administrative commands - EQU, shifting&rotation commands) Data transfer(load/save operations, speicher<>register, register<>register) Control commands(jump op. [un-]conditional /relativ,control op. – STOP) In-/output commands Assembler – Assembler Instructiuons (Pseudo Commands) : 14 Assembler – Assembler Instructiuons (Pseudo Commands) Instructions to assembler Controlling translation process No creation of machine code Affect creation of machine instructions Types: Program organisation equations and symbolic Addresses Definition of Constants and Memory Addressing Assembler – All purpose Register : 15 Arithmetic example: Source and Destination Data width has to euqal AX , BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, BP, SP ; arithmetic operations ADD AX, BX ; AX := AX+BX SUB AH,AL ; AH := AH - AL MOV AL, CL ; AL := CL INC CX ; CX := CX+1 DEC CL ; CL := CL-1 NEG CX ; CX := -CX Assembler – All purpose Register CX BX AX All purpose Register Assembler – Special Register : 16 Assembler – Special Register Unless to all-purpose registers Special register(SS, DS, CS, ES, IP) Never ever are Destination/Source of a „mov“ command Destination of arithmetic operations Assembler – Flag Register : 17 Assembler – Flag Register Overflow Direction Interrupt enable Trap Sign Zero Auxiliary carry Parity Carry Assembler – Flag Register : 18 Assembler – Flag Register FLAG-Bits: C Carry Area crossing of unsigned numbers A Aux. Carry Area crossing at BCD-design O Overflow Area crossing at arithmetic operation with signed numbers S Sign True if result = negativ Z Zero Result = Null P Parity Result has an even number of 1 Bits D Direction flag Defines direction of string- commands I Interrupt Global Interrupt Enable/Disable Flag T Trap Flag Used by debugger, allows single-step- modus Assembler – Flag Register : 19 Assembler – Flag Register Missing flags: V: Two’s complement overflow indicator H: Half Carry Flag Operations and flags ADD, SUB, NEG affects O, S, Z, A, P, C INC, DEC -“- O, S, Z, A, P MUL, DIV -“- O, C AND, OR , XOR -“- S, Z, P, C Assembler – Jump Operations : 20 Assembler – Jump Operations Un-/conditioned jumps Example: Mov AX, 0 CMP CX, 0 again: JZ end (jumpzero, conditioned j.) ADD AX, CX DEC CX JMP again (unconditioned jumped) end: NOP Sources : 21 Sources http://www.informatik.ku-eichstaett.de /studium/skripte/ws0203/einf2/Vorlesung12.ppt http://www-ist.massey.ac.nz /GMoretti/159704/Lectures/1-Languages-Translation-&-Assemblers.pdf http://www.mathematik.uni-marburg.de /~priebe/lehre/ws0001/ti1/Skript/TechInf1Lo08.ppt E:\temp\4.Semester\Intro into Dig.Computing\Doku\Befehlssatz.pdf Thanks 4 ur Attention : 22 Thanks 4 ur Attention Any further questions ?? You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Assembler sumit621 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 144 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: October 14, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: rajan_rai (16 month(s) ago) hey plz download it its good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: subbuchavala (16 month(s) ago) How to download Saving..... Post Reply Close By: sumit621 (16 month(s) ago) u can't download if u want then send me ur mail ID on my email ID which is sumitrocking1404@gmail.com.... then i will send u this ppt or whatever u want..... Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Assembler : 1 Assembler A short Overview Content : 2 Content Language Levels High Level micro code Machinecode language Assembler languages Structure Commands Language Levels : 3 Language Levels High Level Language Assembler Language Machine Language Micro -programming Hardware „Firmware“ Normally deepest free accessible Level High Level Micro Code : 4 High Level Micro Code High Level language Formulating program for certain application areas Hardware independent Assembler languages Machine oriented language Programs orient on special hardware properties More comfortable than machine code (e.g. by using symbolic notations) High Level Micro Code : 5 High Level Micro Code Machine code: Set of commands directly executable via CPU Commands in numeric code Lowest semantic level Generally 2 executing oportunities: Interpretiv via micro code Directly processing via hardware High Level Micro Code : 6 High Level Micro Code Micro programming: Implementing of executing of machine commands (Control unit - controller) Machine command executed/shown as sequence of micro code commands Micro code commands: Simpliest process controlling Moving of data Opening of grids Tests Machinecode language : 7 Machinecode language Machinecode command: Binary word (fix length, causes elementary operations within CPU) Machinecode program sequence of machinecode commands Machinecode language : 8 Machinecode language Structure: Operationcode Defining executable operation Operandaddress Spezification of operands Constants/register addresses/storage addresses Difference between 1/2/3 address machines Machinecode language : 9 Machinecode language Data transport commands Arithmetic and logical commands Process controlling commands In-/output commands Special commands Disadvantage: Difficultly readable No symbolic names(Mnemomics) Assembler languages : 10 Assembler languages Translated into machinecode language(Interpreter) Each operation code(opcode) owns one symbolic command Assignments of operand addresses are possible Labels for command addresses Assembler languages : 11 Assembler languages Usage of pseudo commands Commands for assembler Assigment of values/addresses(variables) Definition of the programstart addresses Allocating of memory for variables Assembler languages-structure : 12 Assembler languages-structure Label symbolic labeling of an assembler address (command address at Machine level) Mnemomic Symbolic description of an operation Operands Contains of variables or addresse if necessary Comments Assembler Languages - Machine Instructions : 13 Assembler Languages - Machine Instructions Bitpatterns are created, executed as commands by CPU Classes: Arithmetic/logical Operations(ADD,SUB,XOR, administrative commands - EQU, shifting&rotation commands) Data transfer(load/save operations, speicher<>register, register<>register) Control commands(jump op. [un-]conditional /relativ,control op. – STOP) In-/output commands Assembler – Assembler Instructiuons (Pseudo Commands) : 14 Assembler – Assembler Instructiuons (Pseudo Commands) Instructions to assembler Controlling translation process No creation of machine code Affect creation of machine instructions Types: Program organisation equations and symbolic Addresses Definition of Constants and Memory Addressing Assembler – All purpose Register : 15 Arithmetic example: Source and Destination Data width has to euqal AX , BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, BP, SP ; arithmetic operations ADD AX, BX ; AX := AX+BX SUB AH,AL ; AH := AH - AL MOV AL, CL ; AL := CL INC CX ; CX := CX+1 DEC CL ; CL := CL-1 NEG CX ; CX := -CX Assembler – All purpose Register CX BX AX All purpose Register Assembler – Special Register : 16 Assembler – Special Register Unless to all-purpose registers Special register(SS, DS, CS, ES, IP) Never ever are Destination/Source of a „mov“ command Destination of arithmetic operations Assembler – Flag Register : 17 Assembler – Flag Register Overflow Direction Interrupt enable Trap Sign Zero Auxiliary carry Parity Carry Assembler – Flag Register : 18 Assembler – Flag Register FLAG-Bits: C Carry Area crossing of unsigned numbers A Aux. Carry Area crossing at BCD-design O Overflow Area crossing at arithmetic operation with signed numbers S Sign True if result = negativ Z Zero Result = Null P Parity Result has an even number of 1 Bits D Direction flag Defines direction of string- commands I Interrupt Global Interrupt Enable/Disable Flag T Trap Flag Used by debugger, allows single-step- modus Assembler – Flag Register : 19 Assembler – Flag Register Missing flags: V: Two’s complement overflow indicator H: Half Carry Flag Operations and flags ADD, SUB, NEG affects O, S, Z, A, P, C INC, DEC -“- O, S, Z, A, P MUL, DIV -“- O, C AND, OR , XOR -“- S, Z, P, C Assembler – Jump Operations : 20 Assembler – Jump Operations Un-/conditioned jumps Example: Mov AX, 0 CMP CX, 0 again: JZ end (jumpzero, conditioned j.) ADD AX, CX DEC CX JMP again (unconditioned jumped) end: NOP Sources : 21 Sources http://www.informatik.ku-eichstaett.de /studium/skripte/ws0203/einf2/Vorlesung12.ppt http://www-ist.massey.ac.nz /GMoretti/159704/Lectures/1-Languages-Translation-&-Assemblers.pdf http://www.mathematik.uni-marburg.de /~priebe/lehre/ws0001/ti1/Skript/TechInf1Lo08.ppt E:\temp\4.Semester\Intro into Dig.Computing\Doku\Befehlssatz.pdf Thanks 4 ur Attention : 22 Thanks 4 ur Attention Any further questions ??