space based solar power station by sumit rana

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A SEMINAR ON SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER STATION MODI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Submitted to NAYAGAON,RAWATBHATA ROAD,KOTA Bachelor Of Technogoly In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of “ Electrical Engineering ” In SUBMITTED BY SUMIT KUMAR (B.TECH , VIIIth SEM) FINAL YEAR ELECTRICAL ENGG. SUBMITTED TO: Ms. SUMAN PURI (H.O.D. OF ELECTRICAL DEPPT.)

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2 What is Space Solar Power? Solar Energy is captured in space by large photovoltaic arrays and transmitted via a coherent microwave or laser beam to an Earth receiver where it is converted into either base-load electric power, low-intensity charging power. Sunlight captured in space is many times more effective in providing continuous base load power compared to a solar array on the Earth Space Solar Solar Intensity 1,366 W/m 2 Solar Intensity 1,000 W/m 2 No Night Night Loss Min Weather Weather Loss Ground Solar

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History Producing electricity in space from sunlight is used by hundreds of satellites in operation today. In 1968, Dr. Peter Glaser, formerly of NASA, introduced the concept of a solar power satellite system with square miles of solar collectors in high geosynchronous orbit to collect and convert the sun's energy into a microwave beam to transmit energy to large receiving antennas (rectennas) on earth. In 1999 NASA formed SERT, the Space Solar Power Exploratory Research and Technology program to perform design studies and evaluate feasibility .

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Components of an SPS in Orbit : The Solar Collector array in Space consists of photovoltaic film on a plane several miles across. Power from the collectors goes via conducting cables to the phased array Transmitting Antenna. The Transmitting Antenna is a disk about 1 km across, attached to the collector array. It sends power to the ground 23,000 miles below. The Rectenna (Receiving antenna) is an array of fixed wire dipole antennas covering an oval area on the ground several miles across. It very efficiently captures the microwave energy. This is then converted into usable grid electricity .

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Solar Arrays Weight between 0.5 kg/kW to 10 kg/kW Lifespan is about 20 years Exposure to charged particles can reduce the lifespan drastically Naturally degrades about 1 to 2 percent per year Efficiency up to 30% Solar radiation is 5-10 times greater in space

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Integral Symmetrical Concentrator

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LOCATION OF SPACE POWER SAELLITE 1.GEOSTATIONARY EARTH ORBIT(GEO) 2.LOW EARTH ORBIT(LEO) IN GEO SATELLITE WILL BE 36000KM FAR FROM EARTH AND CAN BEAM POWER CONTINUOUSLY AT FIXED LOCATION. BUT IT IS VERY COSTLY AND COMPLEX TO LAUNCH SPS IN GEO. SO WE PREFER TO LAUNCH SPS IN LOW ORBIT(1000KM FAR FROM EARTH). ADVANTAGE OF LEO SPS SMALL SIZE OF TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ANTEENA.LOW LAUNCHING COST AND LESS COMPLEX. LEO SPS WILL CIRCLE THE EARTH IN ABOUT 90 MINITUS SO CAN’T GIVE CONTINUOUS POWER AT A FIXED LOCATION.

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SO WE WILL NEED MORE SATELLITE IN ONE ORBIT AND MORE RECTENNAS. ONE SATELLITE GIVE POWER TO ONE RECTEENA FOR 200 SECONDS . Conti…..

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SPECIFICATION 1.Satellite Antenna must be between 1 and 1.5 kilometer in diameter and The ground rectenna around 14 kilometers by 10 kilometers. 2.Collector area must be between 50 square kilometer (19 sq miles) and 150 square kilometers (57 sq miles). 3.Possible power generation of5 to 10 Gigawatts .

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How it works Solar panels on satellite capture light, sends power to earth using microwave wireless power transmission technology Signal sent from receiving antenna on earth (green) allows satellite to pinpoint it’s microwave beam.

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Advantages The biggest advantage is that there is no air in space so there is chance of collecting the immense sunlight . It is also cost effective in a scenario that there is no need to build large dams, oil storage tanks and coal dumps. Nuclear power is something countries don’t sell to each other but this power can be distributed to developing countries

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Advantages over Earth based solar power More intense sunlight No need for costly storage devices for when the sun is not in view Only a few days at spring and fall equinox would the satellite be in shadow Waste heat is radiated back into space Power can be beamed to the location where it is needed, don’t have to invest in as large a grid No air or water pollution is created during generation

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Disadvantages If microwave beams carrying power could be beamed uniformly over the earth. They could power Mobile Devices Eg. cell phones Microwave transmission Interference with other electronic devices Health and environmental effects Very expensive initial cost Maintenance Problems Solar winds could kick it off course .

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Cont… Possible health hazards Effects of long term exposure Exposure is equal to the amount that people receive from cell phones and Microwaves Location The size of construction for the rectennas is massive and also Implementation Complexity

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5,000 MW Receiving Station (Rectenna). This station is about a mile and a half long.

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Rectenna / Rectifying antenna : “ An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy from a transmitter and converting it into electric power.” Microwaves are received with about 85% efficiency Around 5km across (3.1 miles) 95% of the beam will fall on the rectenna

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SPS Microwave Beam is Safe Wireless Power Transmission was first demonstrated at Goldstone, Ca. in 1975. Many years of medical tests have shown that microwaves do not harm people, animals or plants unless they are strong enough to actually heat tissue like a microwave oven. However, the SPS beam is only 1/4 as strong as sunlight , too weak to hurt anything. The beam also uses a frequency that minimizes heating of water (such as raindrops).

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Advantages over Fossil Fuel Fossil fuels won't last forever (next 50yrs) It is not renewable The ability to match supply to demand may already have run out, especially for oil Fossil Fuel fired electric power plants in the US emits about 2 billion tons of greenhouse gas CO2 in to air every year. This courses climate change in the future via greenhouse effect .

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Effectiveness of It It can be used at any time compare to solar cells which only works at day time and in particular weather conditions . Satellite based panel can work 24 hrs a day whereas solar panels only work 12 hrs a day .

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Effects On People This station can solve the problem of energy crises . Huge amount of energy gathered is provided to every person on earth . It will also solve green house effect and other gas emission problems . The energy collected is directly transported to earth by using wireless connections .

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Conclusion After knowing all this we can assume that this technology can become a reality after 20 to 30 years . The progress made by human beings in the field of technology is quite remarkable , turning this world into a global village but even after accomplishing so much there is a lot to be done and the thirst of knowledge will make dreams a reality . And this all will start from Japan who has already started working on this project to make this world a pinnacle of technology .

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THANKYOU THANKYOU