Language Teaching 1940-1980

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History of LT (2)

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By: becareful (28 month(s) ago)

I had a very good reading and listening the explanations about audio lingual method

By: becareful (28 month(s) ago)

This presentation is very useful for learning or remembering concepts about this linguistic approach because it is still worldwide used.

Presentation Transcript

Language Teaching 1940 – 1980 : 

Language Teaching 1940 – 1980 The Audiolingual Method Structuralism The Audiovisual Method

Structuralism /Audiolingualism : 

Structuralism /Audiolingualism Interwar period – developments in: Linguistics – rise of descriptive linguistics; structural methodology. Psychology – behaviourism Effect of WWII – development of “The Army Method” or Audiolingualism

Structural linguistics : 

Structural linguistics Language seen as being made up of “building blocks” which combined in certain rule governed ways to make another block at a higher level – phonemes combine to form morphemes; morphemes combine to form words; words combine to form phrases etc

Behaviourism : 

Behaviourism Learning is conditioning or habit formation. It is mechanical and automatic – eg Pavlov’s dogs Habits are formed by stimulus – response – reinforcement Verbal behaviour is no different from other behaviour

Structuralism /Audiolingualism Some principles : 

Structuralism /Audiolingualism Some principles Speech seen as being the primary form of language and therefore given priority: Emphasis on pronunciation from the beginning Input of new words and structures through dialogues Strict order of introduction : Listening –Speaking – Reading - Writing

Structuralism /Audiolingualism Some principles : 

Structuralism /Audiolingualism Some principles Learning is habit formation and habits are formed by repetition. Dialogues contained copious examples of the target structure Memorisation of basic sentences Use of pattern practice and repetition (Mimicry) Emphasise areas of contrastive difficulty Lexical control Aim : to produce automatic production of language items

Structuralism /Audiolingualism Some principles : 

Structuralism /Audiolingualism Some principles Habits are reinforced by repetition of the correct behaviour. Error impedes habit formation. So - strict control of language used by Ss : Structural grading and lexical control Use of drills and avoidance of free practice activities No translation

Types of Drill : 

Types of Drill Repetition drill Substitution drill Transformation drill Integration drill Expansion drill Replacement drill etc

The Advent of Technology … : 

The Advent of Technology … 1960s : For the first time technological aids become available for language teaching. Tape recorders and language labs fitted in perfectly with A-Lism Film projectors extended it. Audiovisual Method : A-Lism with pictures

The Beginning of the End : 

The Beginning of the End 1959 - BF Skinner : Verbal Behaviour Noam Chomsky : Review of Verbal Behaviour and criticism of structural linguistics