logging in or signing up MICROPROCESSOR sudhirreddy Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Let's Connect Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Dynamic Copy Does not support media & animations Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1104 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: October 31, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: vikas_slk1003 (34 month(s) ago) ghdf Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sridharanm (36 month(s) ago) It's enough for introduction Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: alihassan541 (38 month(s) ago) i want to download it Saving..... Post Reply Close By: sudhirreddy (38 month(s) ago) k download' Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR : INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR Presented by SUDHIR REDDY S.VR MTECH[CAD/CAM] Microprocessor Generations : Microprocessor Generations First generation: 1971-78 Behind the power curve (16-bit, <50k transistors) Second Generation: 1979-85 Becoming “real” computers (32-bit , >50k transistors) Third Generation: 1985-89 Challenging the “establishment” (Reduced Instruction Set Computer/RISC, >100k transistors) Fourth Generation: 1990- Architectural and performance leadership (64-bit, > 1M transistors, Intel/AMD translate into RISC internally) Introduction : Introduction Focus on microprocessors as general purpose, flexible and reconfigurable controllers and the ways sensors and actuator relate to these. Microprocessors are often called microcontrollers What is a microprocessor? What is the different between a microprocessor and a computer or a microcomputer and how a distinguishing set of features is arrived at are all difficult and subjective issues. What is a microprocessor to one is a full fledged computer to another The microprocessor : The microprocessor microprocessor is a stand alone, self contained single chip microcomputer. It must have as a minimum: a central processing unit (CPU) nonvolatile and program memory input and output capabilities. A structure that has these can be programmed in some convenient programming language can interact with the outside world through the input/output ports. MICROPROCESSOR : MICROPROCESSOR MICROPROCESSOR : MICROPROCESSOR The microprocessor : The microprocessor Other important requirements: must be relatively simple reasonably small necessarily limited in most of its features – memory, processing power and speed, addressing range and, of course in number of I/O devices it can interact with. The designer must have access to all features of the microprocessor – bus, memory, registers, all I/O ports, In short, Microprocessors are components with flexible features that the engineer can configure and program to perform task or a series of tasks. The microprocessor : The microprocessor Two limits on the tasks microprocessors can perform: The limitations of the microprocessor itself The imagination (or capabilities) of the designer. The 8 bit microprocessor : The 8 bit microprocessor We will narrow down to 8 bit microprocessors these are the most common in sensor/actuator systems they are simple and representative of all microprocessor 16 and 32 bit microprocessors exist There are a number of architectures being used. We will emphasize the Harvard architecture because of its simplicity, flexibility and popularity. Addressing : Addressing 8 bit microprocessors have word length of 8 bits. Integer data from 0 to 255 may be represented directly. To address memory, usually a longer word is needed. Most microprocessor have a 12 bit (4k) 14 (16k) or 16 bit (64k) memory address but longer address words are also used. Speed : Speed Most microprocessor operate at clock speeds between 1 and 40 MHz. Since often the clock is internally divided, the instruction cycle is slower than that Typical values are up to about 10 MHz cycle clock or 0.1 s per instruction Input and output : Input and output Input and output is defined by the availability of pins on the package. Usually limited to less than about 100 pins (6, 8, 14, 18, 20, 28, 32, 40, 44, 64 and 100 pins are common). Two pins are used to power to the device For example, an 18 pin device can have no more than 14 I/O pins. Of these, some may be used for other purposes such as oscillators or communication Clock and timers : Clock and timers Microprocessors have internal timers under the control of the user used for various functions requiring counting/timing At least one counter is available larger microprocessors can have 4 or more timers some are 8 bit timers and some 16 bit timers. a watchdog timer is available for the purpose of resetting the processor should it be “stuck” in an inoperative mode. Other functionalities : Other functionalities Many microprocessors provide multiple interfaces, all under the user’s control. Other functions such as analog amplifiers and even transceivers are sometimes incorporated within the chip. The I/O used for these functions are either digital I/O (for communication for example) or analog Programs and programmability : Programs and programmability microprocessor is only useful if it can be programmed. Programming languages and compilers have been designed specifically for microprocessors. The basic method of programming microprocessors is through the Assembly programming language Can be, and very often is done through use of higher level languages with C leading. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
MICROPROCESSOR sudhirreddy Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Let's Connect Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Dynamic Copy Does not support media & animations Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1104 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: October 31, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: vikas_slk1003 (34 month(s) ago) ghdf Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sridharanm (36 month(s) ago) It's enough for introduction Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: alihassan541 (38 month(s) ago) i want to download it Saving..... Post Reply Close By: sudhirreddy (38 month(s) ago) k download' Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR : INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR Presented by SUDHIR REDDY S.VR MTECH[CAD/CAM] Microprocessor Generations : Microprocessor Generations First generation: 1971-78 Behind the power curve (16-bit, <50k transistors) Second Generation: 1979-85 Becoming “real” computers (32-bit , >50k transistors) Third Generation: 1985-89 Challenging the “establishment” (Reduced Instruction Set Computer/RISC, >100k transistors) Fourth Generation: 1990- Architectural and performance leadership (64-bit, > 1M transistors, Intel/AMD translate into RISC internally) Introduction : Introduction Focus on microprocessors as general purpose, flexible and reconfigurable controllers and the ways sensors and actuator relate to these. Microprocessors are often called microcontrollers What is a microprocessor? What is the different between a microprocessor and a computer or a microcomputer and how a distinguishing set of features is arrived at are all difficult and subjective issues. What is a microprocessor to one is a full fledged computer to another The microprocessor : The microprocessor microprocessor is a stand alone, self contained single chip microcomputer. It must have as a minimum: a central processing unit (CPU) nonvolatile and program memory input and output capabilities. A structure that has these can be programmed in some convenient programming language can interact with the outside world through the input/output ports. MICROPROCESSOR : MICROPROCESSOR MICROPROCESSOR : MICROPROCESSOR The microprocessor : The microprocessor Other important requirements: must be relatively simple reasonably small necessarily limited in most of its features – memory, processing power and speed, addressing range and, of course in number of I/O devices it can interact with. The designer must have access to all features of the microprocessor – bus, memory, registers, all I/O ports, In short, Microprocessors are components with flexible features that the engineer can configure and program to perform task or a series of tasks. The microprocessor : The microprocessor Two limits on the tasks microprocessors can perform: The limitations of the microprocessor itself The imagination (or capabilities) of the designer. The 8 bit microprocessor : The 8 bit microprocessor We will narrow down to 8 bit microprocessors these are the most common in sensor/actuator systems they are simple and representative of all microprocessor 16 and 32 bit microprocessors exist There are a number of architectures being used. We will emphasize the Harvard architecture because of its simplicity, flexibility and popularity. Addressing : Addressing 8 bit microprocessors have word length of 8 bits. Integer data from 0 to 255 may be represented directly. To address memory, usually a longer word is needed. Most microprocessor have a 12 bit (4k) 14 (16k) or 16 bit (64k) memory address but longer address words are also used. Speed : Speed Most microprocessor operate at clock speeds between 1 and 40 MHz. Since often the clock is internally divided, the instruction cycle is slower than that Typical values are up to about 10 MHz cycle clock or 0.1 s per instruction Input and output : Input and output Input and output is defined by the availability of pins on the package. Usually limited to less than about 100 pins (6, 8, 14, 18, 20, 28, 32, 40, 44, 64 and 100 pins are common). Two pins are used to power to the device For example, an 18 pin device can have no more than 14 I/O pins. Of these, some may be used for other purposes such as oscillators or communication Clock and timers : Clock and timers Microprocessors have internal timers under the control of the user used for various functions requiring counting/timing At least one counter is available larger microprocessors can have 4 or more timers some are 8 bit timers and some 16 bit timers. a watchdog timer is available for the purpose of resetting the processor should it be “stuck” in an inoperative mode. Other functionalities : Other functionalities Many microprocessors provide multiple interfaces, all under the user’s control. Other functions such as analog amplifiers and even transceivers are sometimes incorporated within the chip. The I/O used for these functions are either digital I/O (for communication for example) or analog Programs and programmability : Programs and programmability microprocessor is only useful if it can be programmed. Programming languages and compilers have been designed specifically for microprocessors. The basic method of programming microprocessors is through the Assembly programming language Can be, and very often is done through use of higher level languages with C leading.