Rise and Fall of Napoleon

Rise and Fall of Napoleon : 

Rise and Fall of Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte was born at Ajaccio in the Island of Corsica on 15th August 1769 in a poor lawyer’s family.

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Napoleon received education at Paris. He was fond of studying History, Geography, Politics, Mathematics and Philosophy. He was greatly influenced by Rousseau.

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In 1785, he was appointed second lieutenant in the army at the age of 16.

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During the days of French Revolution, in 1792, Napoleon opposed the lawlessness of revolutionary France Vehemently.

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In 1795, Bonaparte was serving in Paris when royalists and counter-revolutionaries organized an armed protest against the National Convention on 3 October. Bonaparte was given command of the improvised forces defending the Convention in the Tuileries Palace. He seized artillery pieces with the aid of a young cavalry officer,

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Napoleon led the army against Austria, Italy and brought victory to France. The attack of Italy by Napoleon proved fruitful for Italy also. Italy which till then was a divided region, was completely deprived of political unity. But Napoleon established Cisalpine Republic by internal reforms and made Italy a happy and prosperous country.

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In May 1798 Napoleon launched a campaign against Egypt. In this battle Napoleon was defeated by Nelson, the British Naval Commander. Napoleon returned to France. At this time France was under the rule of the Directory. The directory was not united and failed to maintain a powerful government and was divided into two groups. One Royalists and the other Democrats, both the groups drew draggers at each other.

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The people of France were tired of revolution and their eyes were fixed on Napoleon. The members of the directory were afraid of Napoleon after his return from Egypt. Napoleon gave an impression that he was away from politics.

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In December 1804, Napoleon got coronated as the emperor of France in the presence of pope pious VII. Thus by putting an end to the Republic, the foundation for an absolute Monarchy was laid.

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Napoleon introduced the famous continental system in order to defeat England in an indirect war. He asked his vassal countries to ban the entry and movement of British ships around his ports. This resulted in shooting up of prices of various commodities. This contributed to his downfall.

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The Battle of Leipzig or Battle of the Nations, fought on 16–19 October 1813, was one of the most decisive defeats suffered by Napoleon Bonaparte. The battle was fought on German soil and involved German troops on both sides, as a large proportion of Napoleon's troops actually came from the German Confederation of the Rhine. The battle involved over 600,000 soldiers, making it the largest battle in Europe prior to World War I.

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Battle of Leipzig

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Napoleon retired to the Island of Elba in April 1814 and Louis XVIII was enthroned in France

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Napoleon suddenly came back to France on 1st March 1815. As soon as he reached France his faithful soldier and officers joined him. On 18th June 1815, a decisive and fierce battle was fought in the plains of Waterloo. Napolean and his army was defeated and his fate was sealed forever He was sent to a rocky Island, St Helena and there he died in 1821.