EMERGENCY E-BLOCK RENEWABLE POWER LIGHTING SYSTEM

EMERGENCY E-BLOCK RENEWABLE POWER LIGHTING SYSTEM : 

EMERGENCY E-BLOCK RENEWABLE POWER LIGHTING SYSTEM Group Members: SUDESH LAL MANOHAR SIMON JITEN NAND KEVITESH CHETTY SABNEET ASHWEEN SURESH

AIM : 

AIM The aim of our project is to provide for a solar powered emergency lighting system for E-Block. This system will be used to cater for the lighting when there is a FEA power cut-off.

INTRODUCTION : 

INTRODUCTION Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun that has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies The sun has produced energy for billions of years. Solar energy is the sun's rays (solar radiation) that reach the earth. Compared to the old forms of depletable energy (coal, oil, nuclear), solar energy offers a clean renewable form of energy.

Slide 4: 

Components Used In This Project Setup

Solar Panels : 

Solar Panels Purpose The purpose of the solar panel is to capture energy from the sun and to turn this energy into electrical energy. Light shining on the solar cell produces both a current and a voltage to generate electric power.

Charge Controller : 

Charge Controller Purpose Charge controllers intended for solar panels work by monitoring the battery voltage, and once it reaches full charge, the controller simply shorts the solar panel leads together. This doesn't harm the solar panels, but it does waste whatever power they're generating. The energy ends up heating the transistors in the controller.

Battery : 

Battery Purpose The battery is needed to store the energy that is harnessed from the sun. Also, because if there is no battery then there will be no energy provided to the loads when the sun is not up, as this is an emergency power system, there needs to be power available at all times.

Inverter : 

Inverter Purpose An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency. It converts the DC electricity from battery source to AC electricity.

500W Inverter Circuit (12V - 220V) : 

500W Inverter Circuit (12V - 220V)

Changeover Switch : 

Changeover Switch Purpose The changeover switch is used to change the power source for the lights. The switch has two inputs, one will be used for the FEA power supply and the other input will be for the solar power supply. The output of the changeover switch will be connected to the tube lights. When the sensors in the switch detect no power from the FEA supply, they will engage the inverter, thus the solar power supply will come on.

Circuit Breaker : 

Circuit Breaker A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. The circuit breaker is an absolutely essential device in the modern world, and one of the most important safety mechanisms in your home. Whenever electrical wiring in a building has too much current flowing through it, these simple machines cut the power until somebody can fix the problem. Without circuit breakers (or the alternative, fuses), household electricity would be impractical because of the potential for fires and other mayhem resulting from simple wiring problems and equipment failures.

Cross-Section Of Circuit Breaker : 

Cross-Section Of Circuit Breaker

MAXIMUM DEMANDCALCULATION : 

MAXIMUM DEMANDCALCULATION FOR THE WHOLE BUILDING 80 x 36W lighting points, Current for the lights is: P = VI 80 x 36W = 240V x I I = (80 x 36W) ÷ 240V I = 12A

DEMAND FOR 80 LIGHTING POINTS : 

DEMAND FOR 80 LIGHTING POINTS According to load group, A part (i) in the demand table,for lighting points, 3A for first 20 lights and 2A for the next 20 lights and part thereof. So, 80 lighting points For first 20 lights = 3A For next 20 lights = 2A For next 20 lights = 2A And the last 20 lights = 2A There for the total demand for the building(E201A,E201B,E202A,E202b and the passage is = 3A + 2A + 2A + 2A = 9A

SCALE DOWN RATIO : 

SCALE DOWN RATIO RATIO = 1 : 6, therefore: 6 lighting points, The current is: P = VI 6 x 36W = 240V I I = 216W ÷ 240V I = 0.9A The demand for the 6 lighting points is: According to the demand table, for load group A part (i) is 3A for the first 20 lights and 2A for the next 20 lights and part thereof. So, the demand for the 6 lighting points is: For the first 6 = 3A,as the lighting points are less than 20 so the total demand for the 6 lighting points is 3A.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM : 

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

REFERENCE : 

REFERENCE http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell7.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell5.htm http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_purpose_of_solar_panels http://english.electronica-pt.com/index.php/content/view/6/ http://english.electronica-pt.com/index.php/content/view/8/