logging in or signing up COMPACTION subhashis.shcp Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1226 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (2) Dislike it (2) Added: November 29, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 4 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: kannapharma (10 month(s) ago) sir please send me to me to email id: kaannapharma@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sanuskaria (11 month(s) ago) good one Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ursvijju (15 month(s) ago) respected sir, i need this ppt.. so plz kindly send. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sandeepgunjal (17 month(s) ago) Respected sir, i have seen ur presentation,i have need of this ppt for further reference. so i kindly request u to send me the ppt. (sandeepgunjal89@gmail.com) Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript COMPACTION & COMPRESSION OF TABLET : COMPACTION & COMPRESSION OF TABLET B.ANKITH KUMAR REDDY and SUBHASHIS DEBNATH. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS. SEVEN HILLS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, TIRUPATI DEFINITIONS : DEFINITIONS Compaction means some level of applied mechanical force over the powdered solids. Hence Compaction can be defined as “the compression & consolidation of a two phase (particulate solid – gas) system due to an applied force. Compression-is a reduction in bulk volume of the material as a result of displacement of the gaseous phase. Consolidation-is an increase in the mechanical strength of the material resulting from particle-particle interaction. Before discussing compaction & compression in detail, Brief consideration is given to certain inherent properties of powdered solids, which contribute to the characteristics & some derived parameters that facilitate quantification of important variables must be described. Slide 3: Derived properties of powder or Granules The important properties in pharmacy are described as Volume Density Porosity Flow properties VOLUME: In powder there will be inter & intraparticular spaces (voids) are seen, hence threee types of volumes can be considered for a powder mass as -True volume(Vi) -Granular volume(Vg) -Bulk volume (Vb) Slide 4: DENSITY: It is the ratio of weight to volume of a substance. Three types of densities can be defined, True Density=Mass of the powder/True volume of the powder Granular Density = Mass of the powder/ Granule volume of the powder Bulk Density=Mass of the powder/Bulk volume Slide 5: POROSITY: The space between the particles in a powder is known to be voids. The volume occupied such voids is known to be void volume. Void volume=V=Bulk volume-True volume. The porosity or voids €, of the powder is defined as ration of the void volume to the bulk volume of the packing. Porosity=Void volume/Bulk Volume. =V/Vb ={(Vb-Vp)/Vb Porosity is frequently expressed in percent. €=[1-Vp/Vb]×100 The relation between compression and porosity is important because porosity determines the rate of disintegration, dissolution and drug absorption. FLOW PROPERTIES : FLOW PROPERTIES Particle shape: Spherical smooth particles improves flow properties, surface roughness leads to poor flow due to friction and cohesiveness flat and elongated particles tend to pack loosely obstructing the flow. Density & Porosity: Particles having high density low internal porosity tend to possess good flow properties. Moisture: The higher the moisture content, the flow property will be poor owing to cohesion and adhesion. DETERMINATION OF ANGLE OF REPOSE : DETERMINATION OF ANGLE OF REPOSE CARR’S INDEX : CARR’S INDEX Carr’s Consolidation Index: It is defined as Consolidation Index= Tapped density – Fluff density/Fluff density Grading of the powder for their flow properties according to carrs index. COMPRESSION PROPERTIES : COMPRESSION PROPERTIES Powders are normally compressed into tablets using a pressure of about 5.0kg/cm2. This process is called compaction & compression. This involves compressibility and compatibility. Compressibility can be defined as the ability of a powder to decrease in volume under pressure. Compatibility can be defined as the ability of a powder to be compressed into a tablet of a certain strength or hardness. These two relate directly to the tabletting performance. If the drug is plastic, then the excipients chosed should be brittle (lactose, calciumphosphate) and if the drug is brittle, then the excipients should be plastic (Microcrystalline cellulose). Slide 10: PLASTIC MATERIAL: When materials are ductile they deform by changing shape. Since no fracture, no new surfaces are generated during compression, which leads to poorer bonding. Increasing the dwelling time at compression will increase bonding strength. ELASTIC MATERIAL: Very little permanent change is caused during compression. E.g. Paracetamol requires a plastic tabletting matrix or wet massing to induce plasticity. PROCESS OF COMPRESSION / PHYSICS OF COMPRESSION : PROCESS OF COMPRESSION / PHYSICS OF COMPRESSION Steps involved in compression process: Transitional repacking. Deformation at the point of contact. Fragmentation. Bonding. Deformation of solid body. Decompression. Ejection. BONDING AND CONSOLIDATION : BONDING AND CONSOLIDATION Cold Welding: When the particles approach each other close enough (at the separation of 50 nm), the unsatisfied forces present on their surface lead to formation of strong attractive forces. The process is known as Cold welding. The nature of bond so formed are similar to those of molecular structure interior of particles. Fusion Bonding: In the powder mass, the particles are irregular in shape and size, any applied force to the mass must pass through this bed of particles. The transmission may result in generation of heat. If this heat is not dissipated, the local raise in temperature could be sufficient to cause the melting of contact points. This melt is cooled and solidifies that gives raise to fusion bonding. Slide 13: Stages in the development of moist granules as the proportion of liquid is increased a. Pendular, b. funicular c. capillary and d. droplet Slide 14: The following are the factors that influence bonding: Chemical nature of material. Extent available surface. Presence of surface contaminants. The interface distance Mechanical force theory. Intermolecular forces theory. Liquid surface film theory. Factors that influence bonding Theories of bonding COMPACTION : COMPACTION Forces which influences the compaction of granules (or) Force distribution. Force Distribution: Most of investigation of fundamentals tabletting are carried in single station presses or even on isolated die & punches with hydraulic press, a typical such is forces being applied on top of cylinder powder mass let us consider single isolated punch. Relation between applied & transmitted forces Compaction profiles FORCES INVOLVED IN COMPACTION SINGLE PUNCH AND DIE ASSEMBLY Slide 16: We are considering the dynamic factors under following headings. Measurement of forces. Distribution of forces. Energy Expenditure. These factors consider the properties of the tablet influenced by the compressional forces. Density & porosity Hardness & strength Specific surface area Disintegration Dissolution. DYNAMIC FACTORS STATIC FACTORS CONCLUSION : CONCLUSION The processes of tabletting, roll compaction, and extrusion all involve the application of massive compressive forces, which induce considerable deformation in the solid particles. With many pharmaceutical solids and perhaps most tabletting mixtures, these forces are large enough to exceed the elastic limit of the solid. Plastic deformation and brittle fracture then results in the generation of a new, clean surfaces, which being pressed against one another, undergo cold welding. When the compaction force reaches its maximum, a bulk solid structure of a certain overall strength will have been produced. THANK U : THANK U You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
COMPACTION subhashis.shcp Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1226 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (2) Dislike it (2) Added: November 29, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 4 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: kannapharma (10 month(s) ago) sir please send me to me to email id: kaannapharma@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sanuskaria (11 month(s) ago) good one Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ursvijju (15 month(s) ago) respected sir, i need this ppt.. so plz kindly send. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sandeepgunjal (17 month(s) ago) Respected sir, i have seen ur presentation,i have need of this ppt for further reference. so i kindly request u to send me the ppt. (sandeepgunjal89@gmail.com) Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript COMPACTION & COMPRESSION OF TABLET : COMPACTION & COMPRESSION OF TABLET B.ANKITH KUMAR REDDY and SUBHASHIS DEBNATH. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS. SEVEN HILLS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, TIRUPATI DEFINITIONS : DEFINITIONS Compaction means some level of applied mechanical force over the powdered solids. Hence Compaction can be defined as “the compression & consolidation of a two phase (particulate solid – gas) system due to an applied force. Compression-is a reduction in bulk volume of the material as a result of displacement of the gaseous phase. Consolidation-is an increase in the mechanical strength of the material resulting from particle-particle interaction. Before discussing compaction & compression in detail, Brief consideration is given to certain inherent properties of powdered solids, which contribute to the characteristics & some derived parameters that facilitate quantification of important variables must be described. Slide 3: Derived properties of powder or Granules The important properties in pharmacy are described as Volume Density Porosity Flow properties VOLUME: In powder there will be inter & intraparticular spaces (voids) are seen, hence threee types of volumes can be considered for a powder mass as -True volume(Vi) -Granular volume(Vg) -Bulk volume (Vb) Slide 4: DENSITY: It is the ratio of weight to volume of a substance. Three types of densities can be defined, True Density=Mass of the powder/True volume of the powder Granular Density = Mass of the powder/ Granule volume of the powder Bulk Density=Mass of the powder/Bulk volume Slide 5: POROSITY: The space between the particles in a powder is known to be voids. The volume occupied such voids is known to be void volume. Void volume=V=Bulk volume-True volume. The porosity or voids €, of the powder is defined as ration of the void volume to the bulk volume of the packing. Porosity=Void volume/Bulk Volume. =V/Vb ={(Vb-Vp)/Vb Porosity is frequently expressed in percent. €=[1-Vp/Vb]×100 The relation between compression and porosity is important because porosity determines the rate of disintegration, dissolution and drug absorption. FLOW PROPERTIES : FLOW PROPERTIES Particle shape: Spherical smooth particles improves flow properties, surface roughness leads to poor flow due to friction and cohesiveness flat and elongated particles tend to pack loosely obstructing the flow. Density & Porosity: Particles having high density low internal porosity tend to possess good flow properties. Moisture: The higher the moisture content, the flow property will be poor owing to cohesion and adhesion. DETERMINATION OF ANGLE OF REPOSE : DETERMINATION OF ANGLE OF REPOSE CARR’S INDEX : CARR’S INDEX Carr’s Consolidation Index: It is defined as Consolidation Index= Tapped density – Fluff density/Fluff density Grading of the powder for their flow properties according to carrs index. COMPRESSION PROPERTIES : COMPRESSION PROPERTIES Powders are normally compressed into tablets using a pressure of about 5.0kg/cm2. This process is called compaction & compression. This involves compressibility and compatibility. Compressibility can be defined as the ability of a powder to decrease in volume under pressure. Compatibility can be defined as the ability of a powder to be compressed into a tablet of a certain strength or hardness. These two relate directly to the tabletting performance. If the drug is plastic, then the excipients chosed should be brittle (lactose, calciumphosphate) and if the drug is brittle, then the excipients should be plastic (Microcrystalline cellulose). Slide 10: PLASTIC MATERIAL: When materials are ductile they deform by changing shape. Since no fracture, no new surfaces are generated during compression, which leads to poorer bonding. Increasing the dwelling time at compression will increase bonding strength. ELASTIC MATERIAL: Very little permanent change is caused during compression. E.g. Paracetamol requires a plastic tabletting matrix or wet massing to induce plasticity. PROCESS OF COMPRESSION / PHYSICS OF COMPRESSION : PROCESS OF COMPRESSION / PHYSICS OF COMPRESSION Steps involved in compression process: Transitional repacking. Deformation at the point of contact. Fragmentation. Bonding. Deformation of solid body. Decompression. Ejection. BONDING AND CONSOLIDATION : BONDING AND CONSOLIDATION Cold Welding: When the particles approach each other close enough (at the separation of 50 nm), the unsatisfied forces present on their surface lead to formation of strong attractive forces. The process is known as Cold welding. The nature of bond so formed are similar to those of molecular structure interior of particles. Fusion Bonding: In the powder mass, the particles are irregular in shape and size, any applied force to the mass must pass through this bed of particles. The transmission may result in generation of heat. If this heat is not dissipated, the local raise in temperature could be sufficient to cause the melting of contact points. This melt is cooled and solidifies that gives raise to fusion bonding. Slide 13: Stages in the development of moist granules as the proportion of liquid is increased a. Pendular, b. funicular c. capillary and d. droplet Slide 14: The following are the factors that influence bonding: Chemical nature of material. Extent available surface. Presence of surface contaminants. The interface distance Mechanical force theory. Intermolecular forces theory. Liquid surface film theory. Factors that influence bonding Theories of bonding COMPACTION : COMPACTION Forces which influences the compaction of granules (or) Force distribution. Force Distribution: Most of investigation of fundamentals tabletting are carried in single station presses or even on isolated die & punches with hydraulic press, a typical such is forces being applied on top of cylinder powder mass let us consider single isolated punch. Relation between applied & transmitted forces Compaction profiles FORCES INVOLVED IN COMPACTION SINGLE PUNCH AND DIE ASSEMBLY Slide 16: We are considering the dynamic factors under following headings. Measurement of forces. Distribution of forces. Energy Expenditure. These factors consider the properties of the tablet influenced by the compressional forces. Density & porosity Hardness & strength Specific surface area Disintegration Dissolution. DYNAMIC FACTORS STATIC FACTORS CONCLUSION : CONCLUSION The processes of tabletting, roll compaction, and extrusion all involve the application of massive compressive forces, which induce considerable deformation in the solid particles. With many pharmaceutical solids and perhaps most tabletting mixtures, these forces are large enough to exceed the elastic limit of the solid. Plastic deformation and brittle fracture then results in the generation of a new, clean surfaces, which being pressed against one another, undergo cold welding. When the compaction force reaches its maximum, a bulk solid structure of a certain overall strength will have been produced. THANK U : THANK U