logging in or signing up Teaching warfarin basics to patients sslenk01 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Copy Does not support media & animations WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 4825 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (7) Dislike it (0) Added: April 21, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: csoda (19 month(s) ago) I love this presentatiion, can I please download it? I am a nurse educator for an assisted living company and I can use this for residents and staff Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... 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See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Warfarin Basics&Patient Education : Warfarin Basics&Patient Education 2009 Approx. time 30 min Objectives : Objectives After completing this activity, the participant will be able to: Explain: Basic characteristics of warfarin’s effect Laboratory monitoring for warfarin Effects of diet on warfarin Common adverse effects Provide essential elements of warfarin patient education What is it? : What is it? Generic name = warfarin sodium Brand = Coumadin® Branded Generic = Jantoven® Effects uncovered by Midwest farmers, 1920s Isolated from spoiled sweet clover, 1939 by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Used as rat poison Commercially for human treatment, 1955 What makes warfarin different? : What makes warfarin different? Highly variable response from patient to patient No standard way to estimate the dose needed Requires frequent blood tests (PT/INR) HIGH RISK MEDICATION Small difference between ineffective levels & toxic levels Frequent dosing changes based on PT/INR Numerous interactions Dietary habits affect the response & dose General Characteristics of Warfarin : General Characteristics of Warfarin Slows the normal clotting process Vitamin K is needed to produce 4 clotting proteins Warfarin blocks activity of vitamin K Reduces the amount of clotting proteins Technically, it does not “thin” the blood Does not dissolve clots Prevents extension of existing clots Prevents formation of new clots, when used at the appropriate levels General Characteristics of Warfarin : General Characteristics of Warfarin Effect builds slowly 1 week or more to see maximal effect Long-lasting effects Stop taking prior to surgical procedures Up to 5 days are needed to achieveINR < 1.5 Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin Vitamin K and Warfarin: Opposites : Vitamin K and Warfarin: Opposites Vitamin K is needed in the blood’s normal clotting processes Lowers INR by making more clotting factors Warfarin blocks the action of vitamin K Pushes INR higher Blood will still clot, but at a slower rate Slows down the formation of harmful clots Blood Tests: How “Thin”? : Blood Tests: How “Thin”? Prothrombin Time (PT) Measure of time for blood to coagulate (seconds) International Normalized Ratio (INR) A calculation using PT adjusts for lab-to-lab variability of testing reagents The gold standard for evaluating warfarin’s effect on clotting Blood Tests: How Often? : Blood Tests: How Often? Inpatients must have baseline INR before giving the first dose INR on admission for those already taking warfarin chronically INR measurements daily as inpatient Exception for BHS patients on stable doses Blood Tests: How Often? : Blood Tests: How Often? Outpatients For new patients, 1 – 2 times weekly When INRs are consistent & stable Extend to weekly, or every other week No less frequent than every 4 weeks for stable patients Efficacy/Safety Relationship : Efficacy/Safety Relationship For persons not taking warfarin, normal INR range is 1.0 – 1.2 Very different when taking warfarin INR too low (ex. <1.5) Ineffective for treating or preventing clots INR too high (ex. >4.5) Increased risk for major bleeding events Slide 13: Hylek EM, et al. Ann Internal Med 1994; 120:897-902 Too Low Too High Efficacy/Safety Relationship : Efficacy/Safety Relationship INR range depends upon indication 2.0 – 3.0 Stroke prevention in persons with AFib, AFlut DVT/PE treatment Hip or knee replacement 2.5 – 3.5 Some mechanical heart valves Some hypercoagulable conditions (genetics), or people who have developed clots at lower INRs Factors Affecting Warfarin Dose : Factors Affecting Warfarin Dose Age Drug Interactions Diet Lifestyle / Habits Adherence to Therapy Age : Age Older patients typically need less warfarin First doses no larger than 5mg for inpatients 75yo or older Maximum first dose of 10mg for all younger inpatients Other Medications w/ Warfarin : Other Medications w/ Warfarin MANY different medication interactions Some medications will cause warfarin to accumulate in the bloodstream Increased chances of bleeding Some decrease warfarin’s effect Antibiotics commonly interact with warfarin Diet Considerations : Diet Considerations Certain foods, especially green leafy vegetables, have large amounts of vitamin K Eating too much of these at one time may reverse the benefit of the warfarin Important to note which foods are high in vit K Some Foods High in Vitamin K : Some Foods High in Vitamin K Green leafy vegetables Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, collard greens, endive, green scallion, kale, spinach, turnip greens, watercress Salad Oils canola, salad, and soybean oils mayonnaise Liver Lifestyle / Habits : Lifestyle / Habits Alcohol use Acute use (>2 drinks/day) increases INR Exercise Increased exercise may decrease INR Smoking or Chewing Tobacco Increased use may decrease INR (vit K in tobacco) Smoking cessation may increase INR Essential Patient Education : Essential Patient Education Recognize names (warfarin = Coumadin® = Jantoven®) Reason to take it (indication) Discuss INR and frequency of monitoring How & when to take the doses Signs and symptoms of bleeding; what to do Counsel re: interactions, herbals, med. changes Role of diet and vitamin K Role of lifestyle choices (tobacco, alcohol) Medic Alert bracelet/ID Know the Names : Know the Names Warfarin is the generic name Two brand names are Coumadin®, Jantoven® Patients will never use more than one of these at the same time Why Take Warfarin : Why Take Warfarin Atrial Fibrillation or Previous Stroke Warfarin reduces the chances of having a stroke associated with AFib Better than aspirin at preventing stroke caused by Atrial Fibrillation Why Take Warfarin : Why Take Warfarin Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolus (PE) Warfarin stops the clot from getting larger Reduces the chance of repeat clot The body’s normal processes break down the clot over time Why Take Warfarin : Why Take Warfarin After Hip or Knee Replacement Warfarin reduces chance of DVT Abnormal Coagulation Profile Genetic predisposition to form harmful clots Warfarin can reduce the chances of forming harmful clots like DVT/PE Unlike Any Other Medication : Unlike Any Other Medication Not the same dose for everyone Small difference between benefit & risk Too much = side effects, bleeding Too little = ineffective, clots Many different things affect the way your body responds to the warfarin General Instructions : General Instructions Take warfarin every evening If you miss a dose If still dark outside, take it when you remember If the sun is up the next morning, skip it Record the date, inform provider at next INR Tell all care providers you take warfarin General Instructions : General Instructions Take only the doses prescribed Doses may change based on the blood test results Use a calendar, pillbox, or some other way to keep track Have blood tests as instructed INR Test : INR Test INR blood test is the only way to tell how well the medication is working At first, these tests are frequent At least once each month is recommended INR is a measure of blood clotting INR too high you may need less warfarin Too low, you may need more warfarin Target INR : Target INR Target Range is where Therapeutic effect is maximized Benefit of clot prevention Side effects are minimized Less chance of bleeding & bruising Usual INR target is 2.0 – 3.0 May be 2.5 – 3.5 for heart valve replacements Drug Interactions : Drug Interactions Changes to existing therapy should always be reported to AC provider Starting a new drug Stopping an old drug Increase/decrease in dose Herbals or alternative medicines Antibiotics Other Medication : Other Medication Medications to Avoid : NSAIDs (Aleve, Advil, Ibuprofen, Naproxen) Aspirin (unless prescribed by doctor) Increase risk of stomach bleeding Always check with pharmacist or doctor before starting a non-prescription drug Adverse Effects : Adverse Effects Bleeding Related to INR levels; can occur at any level Bleeding risk increases when INR > 4.5 Antiplatelet agents increase bleeding risk Aspirin, Plavix®, NSAIDs Sites of bleeding Gastrointestinal, Nose, Gums, Intracranial Signs of Warfarin Excess : Report unusual bleeding Blood in stool (black, tarry color) Blood in urine (brown, red/pink color) Excessive nose bleeds/bleeding gums Persistent oozing from superficial injuries Excessive menstrual bleeding Unusual bruising (large areas) Signs of Warfarin Excess Get Immediate Treatment! : Get Immediate Treatment! Red or dark brown urine Red or black stool Vomiting blood, or coffee ground material Sudden severe headache Lightheadedness, fainting Severe abdominal or back pain Notify Doctor : Notify Doctor Frequent or heavy nose bleeds Unusual, excessive bruising Prolonged bleeding of cuts Bleeding gums Diet Advice for Patients : Diet Advice for Patients Don’t change your diet when starting warfarin Try to maintain consistency Be aware of foods high in vitamin K Limit portion size of high vitamin K foods Consult your provider before making big changes to your diet Diet and Warfarin : Diet and Warfarin Completely avoidingvitamin K containing foods isNOT recommended Other Instructions : Other Instructions Avoid pregnancy Avoid alcohol in excess Get refills on time, don’t run out of warfarin MedicAlert ID or carry medication list If you smoke, tell your provider if you quit Resources : Resources On Demand program on hospital TV “Patient’s Guide to Warfarin” Booklet ordered from Patient Education Dept “The Warfarin Lifestyle” Group education sessions Monthly in York; call for Gettysburg sessions For schedule, call 1-800-840-5905 Online www.mybloodthinner.org www.ahrq.gov/consumer/coumadin.pdf 1-800-COUMADIN Summary : Summary Warfarin is a unique medication Requires patient education for safe use Use handouts in combination with verbal instructions Properly educated patients should Understand the need for INR testing Recognize adverse effects Know what to do Slide 42: To obtain full credit, please complete the quiz associated with this activity. Shawn Slenker, PharmD WellSpan Anticoagulation Services sslenker@wellspan.org You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Teaching warfarin basics to patients sslenk01 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Copy Does not support media & animations WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 4825 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (7) Dislike it (0) Added: April 21, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: csoda (19 month(s) ago) I love this presentatiion, can I please download it? I am a nurse educator for an assisted living company and I can use this for residents and staff Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: joanjosy (21 month(s) ago) Could you please allow me to download this presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Shihab01 (22 month(s) ago) Could you please allow me to download this presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: emo_punk (24 month(s) ago) i like this ppt.... i want to downloadd it... but i cannot..... please help me....... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: emo_punk (24 month(s) ago) thanksssss........... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Warfarin Basics&Patient Education : Warfarin Basics&Patient Education 2009 Approx. time 30 min Objectives : Objectives After completing this activity, the participant will be able to: Explain: Basic characteristics of warfarin’s effect Laboratory monitoring for warfarin Effects of diet on warfarin Common adverse effects Provide essential elements of warfarin patient education What is it? : What is it? Generic name = warfarin sodium Brand = Coumadin® Branded Generic = Jantoven® Effects uncovered by Midwest farmers, 1920s Isolated from spoiled sweet clover, 1939 by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Used as rat poison Commercially for human treatment, 1955 What makes warfarin different? : What makes warfarin different? Highly variable response from patient to patient No standard way to estimate the dose needed Requires frequent blood tests (PT/INR) HIGH RISK MEDICATION Small difference between ineffective levels & toxic levels Frequent dosing changes based on PT/INR Numerous interactions Dietary habits affect the response & dose General Characteristics of Warfarin : General Characteristics of Warfarin Slows the normal clotting process Vitamin K is needed to produce 4 clotting proteins Warfarin blocks activity of vitamin K Reduces the amount of clotting proteins Technically, it does not “thin” the blood Does not dissolve clots Prevents extension of existing clots Prevents formation of new clots, when used at the appropriate levels General Characteristics of Warfarin : General Characteristics of Warfarin Effect builds slowly 1 week or more to see maximal effect Long-lasting effects Stop taking prior to surgical procedures Up to 5 days are needed to achieveINR < 1.5 Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin Vitamin K and Warfarin: Opposites : Vitamin K and Warfarin: Opposites Vitamin K is needed in the blood’s normal clotting processes Lowers INR by making more clotting factors Warfarin blocks the action of vitamin K Pushes INR higher Blood will still clot, but at a slower rate Slows down the formation of harmful clots Blood Tests: How “Thin”? : Blood Tests: How “Thin”? Prothrombin Time (PT) Measure of time for blood to coagulate (seconds) International Normalized Ratio (INR) A calculation using PT adjusts for lab-to-lab variability of testing reagents The gold standard for evaluating warfarin’s effect on clotting Blood Tests: How Often? : Blood Tests: How Often? Inpatients must have baseline INR before giving the first dose INR on admission for those already taking warfarin chronically INR measurements daily as inpatient Exception for BHS patients on stable doses Blood Tests: How Often? : Blood Tests: How Often? Outpatients For new patients, 1 – 2 times weekly When INRs are consistent & stable Extend to weekly, or every other week No less frequent than every 4 weeks for stable patients Efficacy/Safety Relationship : Efficacy/Safety Relationship For persons not taking warfarin, normal INR range is 1.0 – 1.2 Very different when taking warfarin INR too low (ex. <1.5) Ineffective for treating or preventing clots INR too high (ex. >4.5) Increased risk for major bleeding events Slide 13: Hylek EM, et al. Ann Internal Med 1994; 120:897-902 Too Low Too High Efficacy/Safety Relationship : Efficacy/Safety Relationship INR range depends upon indication 2.0 – 3.0 Stroke prevention in persons with AFib, AFlut DVT/PE treatment Hip or knee replacement 2.5 – 3.5 Some mechanical heart valves Some hypercoagulable conditions (genetics), or people who have developed clots at lower INRs Factors Affecting Warfarin Dose : Factors Affecting Warfarin Dose Age Drug Interactions Diet Lifestyle / Habits Adherence to Therapy Age : Age Older patients typically need less warfarin First doses no larger than 5mg for inpatients 75yo or older Maximum first dose of 10mg for all younger inpatients Other Medications w/ Warfarin : Other Medications w/ Warfarin MANY different medication interactions Some medications will cause warfarin to accumulate in the bloodstream Increased chances of bleeding Some decrease warfarin’s effect Antibiotics commonly interact with warfarin Diet Considerations : Diet Considerations Certain foods, especially green leafy vegetables, have large amounts of vitamin K Eating too much of these at one time may reverse the benefit of the warfarin Important to note which foods are high in vit K Some Foods High in Vitamin K : Some Foods High in Vitamin K Green leafy vegetables Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, collard greens, endive, green scallion, kale, spinach, turnip greens, watercress Salad Oils canola, salad, and soybean oils mayonnaise Liver Lifestyle / Habits : Lifestyle / Habits Alcohol use Acute use (>2 drinks/day) increases INR Exercise Increased exercise may decrease INR Smoking or Chewing Tobacco Increased use may decrease INR (vit K in tobacco) Smoking cessation may increase INR Essential Patient Education : Essential Patient Education Recognize names (warfarin = Coumadin® = Jantoven®) Reason to take it (indication) Discuss INR and frequency of monitoring How & when to take the doses Signs and symptoms of bleeding; what to do Counsel re: interactions, herbals, med. changes Role of diet and vitamin K Role of lifestyle choices (tobacco, alcohol) Medic Alert bracelet/ID Know the Names : Know the Names Warfarin is the generic name Two brand names are Coumadin®, Jantoven® Patients will never use more than one of these at the same time Why Take Warfarin : Why Take Warfarin Atrial Fibrillation or Previous Stroke Warfarin reduces the chances of having a stroke associated with AFib Better than aspirin at preventing stroke caused by Atrial Fibrillation Why Take Warfarin : Why Take Warfarin Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolus (PE) Warfarin stops the clot from getting larger Reduces the chance of repeat clot The body’s normal processes break down the clot over time Why Take Warfarin : Why Take Warfarin After Hip or Knee Replacement Warfarin reduces chance of DVT Abnormal Coagulation Profile Genetic predisposition to form harmful clots Warfarin can reduce the chances of forming harmful clots like DVT/PE Unlike Any Other Medication : Unlike Any Other Medication Not the same dose for everyone Small difference between benefit & risk Too much = side effects, bleeding Too little = ineffective, clots Many different things affect the way your body responds to the warfarin General Instructions : General Instructions Take warfarin every evening If you miss a dose If still dark outside, take it when you remember If the sun is up the next morning, skip it Record the date, inform provider at next INR Tell all care providers you take warfarin General Instructions : General Instructions Take only the doses prescribed Doses may change based on the blood test results Use a calendar, pillbox, or some other way to keep track Have blood tests as instructed INR Test : INR Test INR blood test is the only way to tell how well the medication is working At first, these tests are frequent At least once each month is recommended INR is a measure of blood clotting INR too high you may need less warfarin Too low, you may need more warfarin Target INR : Target INR Target Range is where Therapeutic effect is maximized Benefit of clot prevention Side effects are minimized Less chance of bleeding & bruising Usual INR target is 2.0 – 3.0 May be 2.5 – 3.5 for heart valve replacements Drug Interactions : Drug Interactions Changes to existing therapy should always be reported to AC provider Starting a new drug Stopping an old drug Increase/decrease in dose Herbals or alternative medicines Antibiotics Other Medication : Other Medication Medications to Avoid : NSAIDs (Aleve, Advil, Ibuprofen, Naproxen) Aspirin (unless prescribed by doctor) Increase risk of stomach bleeding Always check with pharmacist or doctor before starting a non-prescription drug Adverse Effects : Adverse Effects Bleeding Related to INR levels; can occur at any level Bleeding risk increases when INR > 4.5 Antiplatelet agents increase bleeding risk Aspirin, Plavix®, NSAIDs Sites of bleeding Gastrointestinal, Nose, Gums, Intracranial Signs of Warfarin Excess : Report unusual bleeding Blood in stool (black, tarry color) Blood in urine (brown, red/pink color) Excessive nose bleeds/bleeding gums Persistent oozing from superficial injuries Excessive menstrual bleeding Unusual bruising (large areas) Signs of Warfarin Excess Get Immediate Treatment! : Get Immediate Treatment! Red or dark brown urine Red or black stool Vomiting blood, or coffee ground material Sudden severe headache Lightheadedness, fainting Severe abdominal or back pain Notify Doctor : Notify Doctor Frequent or heavy nose bleeds Unusual, excessive bruising Prolonged bleeding of cuts Bleeding gums Diet Advice for Patients : Diet Advice for Patients Don’t change your diet when starting warfarin Try to maintain consistency Be aware of foods high in vitamin K Limit portion size of high vitamin K foods Consult your provider before making big changes to your diet Diet and Warfarin : Diet and Warfarin Completely avoidingvitamin K containing foods isNOT recommended Other Instructions : Other Instructions Avoid pregnancy Avoid alcohol in excess Get refills on time, don’t run out of warfarin MedicAlert ID or carry medication list If you smoke, tell your provider if you quit Resources : Resources On Demand program on hospital TV “Patient’s Guide to Warfarin” Booklet ordered from Patient Education Dept “The Warfarin Lifestyle” Group education sessions Monthly in York; call for Gettysburg sessions For schedule, call 1-800-840-5905 Online www.mybloodthinner.org www.ahrq.gov/consumer/coumadin.pdf 1-800-COUMADIN Summary : Summary Warfarin is a unique medication Requires patient education for safe use Use handouts in combination with verbal instructions Properly educated patients should Understand the need for INR testing Recognize adverse effects Know what to do Slide 42: To obtain full credit, please complete the quiz associated with this activity. Shawn Slenker, PharmD WellSpan Anticoagulation Services sslenker@wellspan.org